A Quasi Experimental study to assess the Effectiveness of the Video assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Self Reported Practices Related to concepts of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Adolescent girls in Selected Schools, Madurai, Tamil Nadu

Sr. Anto Suji¹, Mrs. Reeta Jeba Kumari², Dr. Nalini Jeyavanth Santha³

¹M.Sc. Nursing II year, Dept. of OBG Nursing, Sacred Heart Nursing College, Maurai, Anna Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India

²HOD of OBG Nursing, Sacred Heart Nursing College, Madurai, Anna Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India

³Principal, Sacred Heart Nursing College, Madurai, Anna Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author Email: antosujihillary@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

PCOS is one of the emerging disorders of women in reproductive age group and can lead to a number of complications such as infertility, and metabolic syndrome which affects their life in all aspects. It is highly (9 -13%) prevalent among adolescent girls at global level. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and self reported practices related to concepts of poly cystic ovary syndrome among adolescent girls in selected schools at Madurai. Nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest quasi experimental research design was used. The tools used for data collection was structured interview schedule questionnaire to assess the knowledge and self reported practices level of adolescent girls who participated in the present study. The sampling technique adopted for the study was convenient sampling technique. The sample size of the study was 100 among which 50 samples were in experimental group, 50 samples were in control group. 78% in experimental group had inadequate knowledge in pretest, after video assisted teaching only 4% had inadequate knowledge in posttest. There was significant improvement in mean posttest knowledge score (23.1) in experimental group which was higher than that of the control group (15.3) (t value = 23.8., p<0.05). Also 56% adolescent girls in experimental group had fair self reported practices in pretest, after video assisted teaching 10% had good self reported practices and 66% had moderate self reported practices in experimental group. There was an improvement in mean posttest self reported practices score of the experimental group (11.64) which was higher than mean posttest self reported practices score (9.38) in control group.(t value = 56.5.,p<0.05). There is a significant positive relationship between the pretest level of knowledge and the pretest level of self reported practices of adolescent girls. The obtained ‘r’ value was 0.54 is significant at 0.05 level. The study proved that video assisted teaching programme is an effective teaching strategy in improving the knowledge and self reported practices of adolescent girls related to concepts of poly cystic ovary syndrome.

KEYWORDS: Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome, Adolescent girls, Video Assisted Teaching Programme

INTRODUCTION:

Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one’s courage. The best protection of any women can have is courage, because she has the power to create, and manifest the glory of God, those she posses within herself, which is expressed through when she becomes a mother (Williamson, 2011). Even though becoming a mother is a natural phenomena for the woman, sometimes it is blocked by physical and psychological problem. Naturally each female child is born with the capability of giving birth and she is physically prepared at puberty. Normally she attains puberty during adolescence. (Crystal, 2009).

Now a days adolescence are being attracted to the current technological world and has greater impact on their life style in all aspects. So they need more guidance and care. Specifically, adolescents’ girls need more consideration in their health because current gynecological problems are gradually arising and that stem up the girls to pass through their motherhood. (Cruz, 2001). Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most growing gynecological and endocrinal problem, which is most common among adolescent girls. It adversely affects their life process and leading them to infertility in later life, thus it prevents them to enjoy their motherhood and causes more stress throughout their life (Jessica, 1990)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) gets its name because of clusters of small, pearl size cyst in ovaries. These cysts are fluid filled bubbles Called follicles that contain eggs that have not yet been released because of hormonal imbalance (Dr Michelle, 2006).A major cause of poly cystic ovary syndrome is genetic disorder, another causes are family history of poly cystic ovary syndrome and abnormal gonodotropin secretion due to negative feedback of hypothalamus (Stein and Levinthal, 1935).

There are three main features in poly cystic ovary syndrome, 1. cyst that develop in ovaries, 2. Ovaries that do not release egg, 3. Having high level of male hormones. Symptoms usually become apparent during late teens or early twenties. Those are1. Irregular periods, 2. Difficulty to get pregnant, 3. Excessive hair growth on face and chest 4. Weight gain, 5. Hair loss from head, 6. Oily skin or acne (Pedenstran, 2011). PCOS leads to major complication of infertility. Some women can develop with endometrial cancer and breast cancer. Women with poly cystic ovary syndrome may be developed with following complication 1. Insulin resistance, 2. Breast cancer 3. Obesity, 4. Endometrial cancer, 5. Cardio vascular disease, 6. Diabetes mellitus, 7. Sleep apnea and 8. Depression. (Nerthal, 2004) Weerakiet (2004) suggested the preventive measures such as low carbohydrate diet, living with nature, consuming wide variety of food, maintaining healthy body, regular exercise, and reducing stress by practicing yoga and meditation in day today life.

Poly cystic ovary syndrome is highly prevalent among adolescents. World wide it is estimated that 5-7% adolescent girls are affected with polycystic ovary syndrome. (Pensylvania University, 2011). A survey was conducted at national level in India to determine the prevalence of PCOS and reported that 9-13% women are affected with PCOS (National Institute of Health, 2011). Dr. M.G.R. Medical University (2011) reported that 10% of reproductive group women are affected with poly cystic ovary syndrome at Tamil Nadu level.

In Australia polycystic ovary syndrome is 15.3% prevalent among urban women (Boyel and J.Norman, 2012). Alabama University (2014), reported that 6% women were affected with poly cystic ovary syndrome in United States. A case control study in Iran revealed that obesity is the common feature in the disease and more calories and fat were consumed by the women with poly cystic ovary syndrome (Shiraz University, 2013). Ganie et al (2010) conducted a study to review the different clinical endocrine manifestation of PCOS in adolescent girls, 88% had oligomenorrhea, 65% had over weight 88% had hirsutism and menstrual disturbances and suggested that clinical manifestation of poly cystic ovary syndrome adversely affect the lives of young married girls.

A systemic review was done to describe the health related quality of life in poly cystic ovary syndrome patients and concluded that there is significant negative impact on women health related quality of life such as body image disturbances, depression, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and infertility. (Human Society of Reproductive Embryology, 2007)

Based on above research studies results regarding poly cystic ovary syndrome researcher felt that poly cystic ovary syndrome has the great impact on the women’s reproductive function and it adversely affect the lives of women in all level. Though there is no cure for the disease, creating awareness is the only way to protect adolescent from poly cystic ovary syndrome. Increased awareness and education could be a great help toward improving knowledge and healthy habits thus it leads to healthy life. Awareness in following preventive measures, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of PCOS, and may lower the severity of disease. So knowledge can be transferred through making awareness about poly cystic ovary syndrome. (Ron and Lewis, 2010)

Lack of knowledge and the impact of negative life style such as consuming fast foods, stressful life, over usage of mobile, computer and television during early adolescent need to be helped .By assessing their knowledge with a view to help them to change their lifestyle by providing necessary information. Knowledge is power, power which can bring great change. So the researcher have selected this study with the aim to impart the knowledge among adolescents regarding poly cystic ovary syndrome.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design was used to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme related to concepts of PCOS. Adolescent girls were selected as sample. The experimental group was selected from St Fusco’s matric higher secondary school, Madurai, and control group was selected from Tagore vidyalaya matric higher secondary school Madurai. Adolescent girls who are between 15-18 yrs, who are known to speak. and talk Tamil and English and who are willing to participate in the study were included in the study.

100 adolescent girls were selected for the study by using convenient sampling technique among which 50 adolescent girls were in experimental group and 50 adolescent girls were in control group. Teaching on concepts of PCOS was given with the help of power point presentation and video clips. Structured interview schedule was used to assess the knowledge and self reported practices related to concepts of PCOS. The data collection procedure was done for 6 weeks. The permission was obtained the authorities concerned from the school before the pilot study and. Data analysis was done according to the objectives of the study. Both the descriptive and inferential statistics were used.

RESULTS:

Pre and post test level of knowledge related to Concepts of PCOS

17 adolescent girls in the experimental group 8 in the control group had family history of PCOS. Most of them that is 87% of them were non vegetarian in both the groups. Most of them that is 87% of them were non vegetarian in both the groups. The study reveals that 78% of adolescent girls in experimental group and 76% of adolescent girls in control group had inadequate level of knowledge in pretest. After having Video assisted teaching programme, in posttest, 60% of adolescent girls gained adequate knowledge in experimental group. So out of 39 adolescent girls who had inadequate knowledge in pretest were reduced into only four girls in posttest. The present study reveals that 78% of adolescent girls in experimental group and 76% of adolescent girls in control group had inadequate level of knowledge in pretest. After having Video assisted teaching programme, in posttest, 60% of adolescent girls gained adequate knowledge in experimental group.so out of 39 adolescent girls who had inadequate knowledge in pretest were reduced into only four girls in posttest

Pre and Post test level of Self reported Practices related to Concept of PCOS

In pretest 56% adolescent girls in experimental group and 54% adolescent girls in control group had fair self reported practices. After having Video assisted teaching programme in posttest 10% adolescent had good practice in experimental group. So out of 28 adolescent girls who were had fair self reported practices in pretest were reduced into twelve adolescent girls in posttest. Whereas in control group only one adolescent girl had good self reported practices and 42% adolescent girls had fair self reported practices. The change in self reported practices level reveals the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme related to concepts of PCOS.

DISCUSSION:

Comparison of mean posttest knowledge score of adolescent girls in experimental group and the posttest knowledge score of control group.

The mean posttest knowledge score of adolescent girls in experimental group (23.1) is higher their mean posttest knowledge score (15.3) in control group. The obtained’ value at df(49) is 23.8 which is highly significant at 0.05 level. Since the obtained’ value is higher than the table value. This indicates that the mean difference was true difference. The difference between the mean may be due to the effect of video assisted teaching programme related to concepts of PCOS.

Group

Mean

‘t’ Value

Experimental Group

Control Group

23.1

15.3

3.5

1.8

23.8*

The effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme was supported by the study which was conducted by Mamatha (2010) regarding effectiveness of planned teaching programme on Assisted reproductive technology (ART) among GNM students in a selected college at Mangalore. The study revealed that the mean Post test score in experimental group was (X =30.50) and mean Post test score in control group ( X = 15.25) and the difference was 1significant (t =1.673, P<0.01) This indicated the effectiveness of PTP in enhancing knowledge on ART.

Comparison of mean posttest self reported practices score of adolescent girls in experimental group and the posttest self reported practices score in control group.

Group

Mean

‘t’ Value

Experimental Group

Control Group

11.64

9.38

3.7

1.8

56.5*

The mean posttest self reported practice level of adolescent girls in experimental group (11.64) is higher than mean posttest self reported practice score (9.8) of adolescent girls in control group. The obtained ‘t’ value at df(49) is 56.5 which is significant at 0.05 level. Since the obtained ‘t’ value is higher than table value, The finding shows that the video assisted teaching programme has a significant effect in increasing self reported practice of adolescent girls in experimental group than the control group in the posttest and therefore it can be concluded that the video assisted teaching programme has played an important role in increasing the self reported practices related to concepts of polycystic ovary syndrome.

The association between pretest level of knowledge and self reported practices level related to concepts of poly cystic ovary syndrome among adolescent girls and their selected demographic variables.

In order to identify the association between the pretest level of knowledge and level of self reported practices and the selected demographic variables of adolescent girls who were participated in the study, chi-square test was computed.

There was no significant association between the pretest level of knowledge and self level of reported practices of adolescent girls related to concepts of PCOS with their height, weight, body mass index, age at puberty, presence of menstrual irregularities, family history of PCOS dietary pattern, presence of PCOS and history of hormonal imbalance and treatment. And it was found that there was an association between the pre test knowledge level and family income.

Sowmya and Fernandas (2013) conducted a evaluative approach study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of PCOS among adolescent girls in Mangalore. 80 girls (16-19 yrs) were participated in the study. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire. A significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge was found (t=20) P<0.05. The study finding showed that structured teaching was effective in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls about PCOS. Also there was no association between the level of knowledge and demographic variables. This study findings support the present study that is there was no association between the level of knowledge and self reported practices.

CONCLUSION:

The study proved that video assisted teaching programme had an effect in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls related to concepts of poly cystic ovary syndrome, had an effect in improving the self reported practices of adolescent girls related to concepts of poly cystic ovary syndrome there is a positive relationship between knowledge and self reported practices that indicates that increase in knowledge can increase the self reported practices related to concepts of poly cystic ovarian syndrome, and there was an association between pretest knowledge and self reported practices of adolescent girls who participated in the present study.

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Received on 23.06.2015 Modified on 08.07.2015

Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research 6(1): Jan.- Mar.2016; Page 48-52

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2016.00010.0