INTRODUCTION:

Although every person has a unique response to stress, some people have more reserve or capacity to resist, challenges to self-integrity. This is partially because how a person tolerates and copes with stress is influenced by pregnancy period, developmental stage, life style and culture. Crisis is an upset in a balanced or stable for which the usual methods of adaptation and coping are not sufficient. A person in crisis is faced with over helming adaptive task.

WHAT IS CRISIS?:

In psychological terms,a crisis is a stressor that forced an individual to respond and for adopt in someway.

The word 'CRISIS' it is clear that crisis itself is neither bad nor good and the outcome may be positive or negative.

DEFINITION:

A sudden eventis one's life that disturbs homeostasis during which crisis usual coping mechanismcannot resolve the problem.-Langerquist

Crisis can be defined as a disturbances or conflict in which the individual cannot maintain a state of equilibrium.

CRISIS INTERVENTION:

A psychotherapeutic technique directed at counseling at the time of an acute life crisis and limited in aim to helping resolve the crisis.

CHARECTERISTIC OF A CRISIS:

· The pregnant mother in crisis it becomes less able to problem solve and accurately interpret the circumstances of crisis event.

· There will be a precipitating event of actual or perceived losses thread of loss or challenge.

PRINCIPLES OF CRISIS INTERVENTION:

During a crisis state, psychological defenses are weakened or absent.

Ÿ A small external influence during a crisis state can produce disproportionate change in a shorter period than therapeutic change.

Ÿ Individuals tolerance for stress idiosyncratic and finite and Occur even among the well adjusted.

Ÿ Emotional crisis are self vomiting events in which crisis resolution,either adaptive or maladaptive ,take place within an average period of 4 to 6 weeks

TYPES OF CRISIS:

· Developmental crisis or maturational crisis.

· Situational crisis or accidental crisis

Developmental crisis:

Crisis that occur in response to situations that trigger emotions related to unresolved conflicts in one’s life.(eg) Transition from begins an entering marriage to becoming a parent,beginning menopause and retiring.

Situational crisis:

Situational crisis are characterized by a sudden, unexpected onset and generally have a singular, rather than a multifaceted origin. Example are unexpected pregnancy, a death of loved one, changes in employment status

STAGES OF CRISIS:

Ÿ Pre-crisis stage

Ÿ Crisis stage

Ÿ Post crisis stage

CRISIS DURING PREGNANCY:

Pregnancy can be considered as a maturational crisis. During such a crisis the individual or family is in disequilibrium.

Ÿ Alteration in body image.

Ÿ Reordering of social relationships.

Ÿ Changes in role of family members.

PSYCHOLOGICAL TASK OF THE MOTHER:

· Ensuring safe passage.

· Seeking acceptance.

· Seeking commitment.

· Learning one’s own.

CRISIS OF PREGNANCY:

High risk pregnancy is a situational crisis.

· Loss and grief

· Spiritual distress

· Anxiety

CRISIS INTERVENTION:

According to Aguilera (1998), the precipitating event usually occurs from 1 to 2 weeks before the individual seek help.

ROLE OF NURSE IN CRISIS INTERVENTION:

Nurse response to crisis situation on daily basis .crisis can occur in any unit.

ASSESSMENT:

Nurse collect data regarding following factors,

· precipitating events or stress

· pregnant mother perception of the event or stress

· nature and strength of the pregnant mother support system and coping resources

The advanced triage system involves a color coding schemered, yellow, green, white and blue.

RED: (IMMEDIAE):

Used to labour the high risk mother who cannot survive without immediate treatment but who have a chance of survival.

YELLOW(OBSERVATION):

For the pregnant mother who requires observation (and possible later re triage) this condition is stable for the moment ,they are not in immediate danger of death. This pregnant mother will need hospital care and would be treated immediately under normal circumstances.

GREEN(WAIT):

Are reserved for the 'walking wounded ‘who will need medical care at some point,after some critical mother have been treated.

WHITE(DISMISS):

Are given to those with problems pregnant mother for whom doctors can not required.

BLACK(EXPECTENT):

Are used for the decreased and those who had high risk pregnancy are so extensive that they will not be able to survive given the care that available.

PLANNING:

Nurse should undertake the following activities:

Ÿ dynamics underlying the present crisis are formulated

Ÿ alternative solution to the problem or explored

Ÿ steps are achieving the solution are identified

Ÿ Environment support needed to help the pregnant mother is decided upon, copingmechanism that need to be developed and those who need to be strengthened are identified.

IMPLIMENTATION:

The following interventions are carried out to resolve the crisis

Ÿ environmental manipulation

Ÿ general support

Ÿ generic support to reach the high risk pregnant mother and large group on possible

Ÿ Individual approach.

EVALUATION:

The nurse patient caregivers the changes that have occurred the nurse should give credit for successful changes to pregnant.so that they realize their effectiveness and understand that what they learnt from crisis may help in coping with future crisis.if the goal have not been met the pregnant mother and nurse can returned to the first step assessment and continue through the phase again.

MODALITIES FOR CRISIS INTERVENTION:

CONCLUSION:

A crisis is a situation in which there is a precipitating stressor event, a perception of that event that leads to distress, and diminished functioning when the distress is not relieved by familiar coping resources. Crises may be provoked by predictable events that occurs during normal pregnancy, developmental transitions during the lives of individuals and families or by situational events that often are sudden and unexpected. Crisis intervention brings with assessment of the provoking event, reactions and responses to the provoking event and other contextual variables that impact the situation. Paraprofessional and professional from a variety of helping disciplines provide crisis intervention services, often working in teams where each helper may focus on a particular area of expertise. The work is difficult, but rewards are immeasurable.

REFERENCE:

· Fundamental Of Mental Health Nursing, Kathy Neeb,F.ADevis Company.Ppa-COPYRIGH4 1-997.Pg.No; 15215,158,289.

· Gelden. Michel,DennisGeth And Richard May On, Oxford Textbook Of Psychiatric, 2^nd Edition,1989, Pg .No 705-706

· Suzane,Lego, The American Handbook Of Psychiatric Nursing.J.B, Lippincot Company, Philadelphia,1998. Pg.No . 235-240

· The Nursing Journal Of India,Vol. XCVI No.3 Arril 2000

Received on 26.07.2017 Modified on 31.10.2017

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2018; 8(2): 298-300.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2018.00058.7