A Study to Evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding “Torch” infections during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers in a selected villages of Mehsana district

 

Mrs. A. Jessie Angel Dayna¹, Ms. Shraddha Patel²

¹HOD of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar District: Mehsana

²2^nd Year M.sc Nursing Student, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar, Dist: Mehsana

 

ABSTRACT:

INTRODUCTION: Every pregnancy is an unique experience for the women and will be different for every individual. Infections during this period can pose a risk not only to the mother but also to the child However, the term TORCH is only used when it applies to pregnant women and their unborn or newborn children. As a group, TORCH infections represent a common cause of birth defects. They can cause still births, premature labour, and congenital malformation in the fetus. The pregnant woman by gaining knowledge finds it useful and gets to realize the importance of being aware of the health implications especially during a delicate period of pregnancy. DESIGN: A quantitative approach using pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design. PARTICIPANTS: 60 Antenatal mothers were selected by using Non-Probability Convenient sampling technique in Mehsana District. INTERVENTIONS: Structured Teaching Programme was given to the Antenatal mothers .TOOL: Self Structured Questionnaire was used to assess the level of Knowledge regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers RESULTS: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 50% (25-30y), Educational status 45% (Secondary), Religion 50% (Hindu), Dietary pattern 50% (Vegetarian), Obstetrical score 66.66% (Primigravida), Antenatal visit 60% (Irregular), Gestational weeks 61.67% (1^st trimester), Source of information 65% (No any source of information). The post- test mean score (16.5) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (6.66). The calculated “T” value (12.22) was greater than the table value (2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. The Structured Teaching programme was effective in increasing the Knowledge regarding TORCH infection during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers. Chi-square test to associate with the level of knowledge and selected demographic variable. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate that Structured Teaching Programme is effective in increase knowledge regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers. KEY WORDS: Assess effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, Knowledge, TORCH Infections.

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

“Pregnancy is special, let make it as safe.”

                                                                    WHO Theme

 

During pregnancy, the pregnant mother undergoes significant anatomical and physiological changes in order to nurture and accommodate the developing fetus. These changes begin after conception and affect every organ system in the body. For most women experiencing an uncomplicated pregnancy, these changes resolve after pregnancy with minimal residual effects. It is important to understand the normal physiological changes occurring in pregnancy as this will help differentiate from adaptations that are abnormal¹.

 

Some infections are more common than usual but all of them need to be prevented at best or at worst nipped in the bud for sure. The primary infections includes TORCH infections an acronym of Toxoplasma, Other infections (like varicella, syphilis, hepatitis, etc), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes. The impact and diagnosis of the disease just mentioned have been touched upon as well as the vaccination strategies to prevent them have been important.²

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

TORCH group of pathogens is responsible for serious congenital infections, leading to fetal damage and other anomalies. A national screening program for TORCH infections does not exist in India. The IgM sero positivity to Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) was 16.4%, 8.8%,10.2% and 2.3% respectively. Maximum seropositivity was observed between 21-30 year age group ORCH epidemiology needs better understanding for development of new strategies for the prevention of congenital infections. New approaches to prevention and treatment of congenital TORCH infection are necessary, including antiviral interventions and the development of a vaccine strategy.³

 

A study was conducted on Primary TORCH infections in the mother can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss. A prospective study was designed to detect the Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma Gondii, Rubella Virus and Cytomegalovirus and IgG antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2. One hundred and twenty pregnant women presenting to the antenatal clinic of a tertiary health center were included in this study. Out of these 120 women, 112 (93.4%) had evidence of one or more infections. Prevalence of IgG antibodies to HSV was 70% seroposivities for Toxoplasmosis, Rubella and CMV respectively were 11.6, 8.3 and 20.8%. Our data demonstrating high frequency of primary infections during pregnancy support the conclusion that routine prenatal TORCH screening is justified⁴

 

A pilot study was conducted on TORCH infections in women with bad obstetric history to analyze TORCH infections in mothers are transmissible to fetus in the womb or during the birth and cause a cluster of symptomatic birth defects. Over a nine months period 20 pregnant women with bad obstetric history were studied. Seropositivity of TORCH was demonstrated by the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA method. It was found that IgM antibodies were positive in 4 cases (20%) for Toxoplasma, 4 cases (28.6%) for rubella and 4 cases (26.7%) for CMV and HSV each. IgG antibodies were positive in 11 cases (55%) for CMV and 10 cases (66.6%) for rubella, 14 cases (93%) for CMV and 11 (73%) for HSV⁵.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding “Torch” Infections During Pregnancy Among Antenatal Mothers In A Selected Villages Of Mehsana District”

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

1.     To assess the existing knowledge regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers.

2.     To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among Antenatal mother.

3.     To find out association between Post-test knowledge level with their selected demographic variables

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H₀₀: There will be no significant association between pre- test and post- test of knowledge on TORCH Infections during pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers.

H01 There will be a significant differences between the pre and post-test knowledge regarding TORCH infection during pregnancy among antenatal mothers.

H02 There will be a significant associations in knowledge regarding TORCH infection with the demographic variable.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Pre experimental one group Pretest / Post test research design and Quantitative Approach. Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program knowledge regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers in selected Villages of Mehsana district. The data were collected from 60 Antenatal mothers. “Non-Probability Convenient” sampling technique were used. A structured questionnaire was selected to assess the knowledge regarding prevention TORCH infections during pregnancy.

 

RESULTS:

Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, mean percentage and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge score. The ‘t’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the post test knowledge of Antenatal mothers with selected demographic variables.

 

Finding related to demographic data:

In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 50% (25-30y), Educational status 45% (Secondary), Religion 50% (Hindu), Dietary pattern 50% (Vegetarian), Obstetrical score 66.66% (Primigravida), Antenatal visit 60% (Irregular), Gestational weeks 61.67% (1^st trimester), Source of information 65% (No any source of information).

 

Finding related to pre and post knowledge score:

Level of Knowledge	Pre test		Post test
	Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage
Poor (0-10 score)	58	96.66%	09	15%
Average (11-20score)	02	3.33%	39	65%
Good (21-30 score)	00	00	12	20%
TOTAL	60	100	60	100%

 

Pre-test, only 58 (96.66%) of Antenatal Mothers had Poor level (0-10 score) of knowledge on TORCH infections during pregnancy, 02 (3.33%) of Antenatal Mothers had average (11-20 score) level of knowledge on TORCH infections during pregnancy and no one had good knowledge (21-30) on TORCH infections during pregnancy.

 

During Post-test, 09(15%) of Antenatal mothers had Poor level (0-10 score) of knowledge on TORCH infections during pregnancy, 39(65%) of Antenatal mothers had average (11-20 score) level of knowledge on TORCH infections during pregnancy and 12(20%) had good knowledge (21-30) on TORCH infections during pregnancy.

 

It was inferred from the above table that the Structured T eaching Programme was effective in improving knowledge on TORCH infections during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers.

 

Finding related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme:

Distribution of subject on paired ‘t’ test between pretest and posttest knowledge score regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers

 

Knowledge test	Mean score	Mean Difference	SD	Calculated ‘t’ value	Table ‘t’ value	df	Level of significance
Pre-test	6.66	9.84	2.26	12.22	2.00	59	0.05
Post-test	16.5		6.48

 

Finding related to association between posttest knowledge score of Antenatal mothers with selected demographic variables:

Table show that the association between the Post test level of Knowledge and socio demographic Variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi –square test to associate the level of knowledge of TORCH infections during pregnancy and selected demographic variable. The chi square value show that there is significant in Age, Educational status, Religion, Dietary pattern, Obstetrical score, Antenatal visit, Gestational weeks and Sorce of information. The calculated Chi-square was less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.

 

CONCLUSION:

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on TORCH infections during pregnancy. The study was conducted by using Pre experimental one group pre-test post-test research design. Mehsana district was selected for conducting the study. The sample size was 60 Antenatal mothers by using non probability convenient sampling method

 

 

REFERENCE:

1.      Priya Soma-Pillay, MD Cert (Maternal and Foetal Med) Physiological changes in pregnancy cardio vascular journal of Africa. 2016 Mar-Apr; 27(2): 89–94.

2.      Infection during pregnancy. HEALTH SCREEN. A magazine for pre-patient care. 2007 October. 3 (33) ; 11-18.

3.      Monika Rajani erological profile of TORCH Infection Among Antenatal Women Pure Appl Microbiol | Research Article | Volume 12, Issue 4 | Article Number: 5338 journal of pure and applied microbiology

4.      Kaur R, Gupta N, Nair D, Kakkar M, Mathur MD. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 Jun;30(2):284-6.

5.      Thapliyal N, Shukla PK, Kumar B, Upadhyay S, Jain G. TORCH infection in women with bad obstetric history Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005 Oct;48(4):551-3.

 

 

 

 

Received on 26.08.2019         Modified on 08.09.2019

Accepted on 17.09.2019      ©A&V Publications All right reserved