Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Prevention and Management of Needle Stick Injury among selected student Nurses

 

Fethin George

Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, MOSC College of Nursing, Kolenchery

*Corresponding Author Email: fethingeorge@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and management of needle stick injury among selected student nurses. Background: A needle stick injury is a percutaneous piercing wound typically set by a needle point, but possibly also by other sharp instruments or objects1. Commonly encountered by people handling needles in the medical setting, such injuries are occupational hazards in the medical community. These events are of concern because of the risk to transmit blood –borne disease through the passage of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus which causes AIDS. Despite their seriousness as a medical event, needle stick injuries have been neglected:  most go   unreported2. Methods: The research approach adopted for the study was quantitative approach and design was one group pre-test –post-test design. 100 student nurses were selected using stratified random sampling technique from M.O.S.C. College of Nursing, Kolenchery. The variables of the study were knowledge of nursing students on prevention and management of needle stick injury, age, religion, sex, course, year of study and clinical experience. A Pre test was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A Structured teaching programme on prevention and management of needle stick injury was given. After 7 days post test was conducted. The data was tabulated and analyzed using differential and inferential statistics like percentage, median, interquartile range, wilcoxon matched paired test and fisher exact test. Results: The pre test revealed that about 5% had good knowledge score, 44% had poor knowledge, and 51% had average knowledge about prevention and management of needle stick injury. It is observed that variables such as age and course of study are significantly associated with the pre test knowledge score. Significant score difference was seen between pretest knowledge score median 7, interquartile range [Q1, Q3] [5,9] and post test knowledge score median 18, interquartile range [Q1, Q3] [16,19]. Hence the intervention was found to be effective. Conclusion: The study shows that structured teaching programme regarding prevention and management of needle stick injury among nursing students was effective in terms of improving their knowledge.

 

KEYWORDS: Needle stick Injury, Student nurses; Structured Teaching Programme.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

According to world health report 2002 published by WHO, needle stick injury is accountable for 40 per cent of Hepatitis B, 40 per cent of Hepatitis C, and 2 per cent of HIV infections3. As needle stick injury has been recognized as occupational hazards, their prevention has become the subject of regulations in an effort to reduce and eliminate this preventable event. Investigations estimate the rates of injuries on a global level to affect about 3.5 million individual. Among health care workers nurse and physicians appear especially at risk4.

 

As today’s nursing students are tomorrows professionals, it is inevitable that they should be well informed about all aspects of needle stick injury.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Quantitative approach was adopted for the study. The research design adopted was one group pre-test post-test design. 25 students each from 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year and post basic BSc classes in M.O.S.C. College of nursing Kolenchery were selected using stratified random sampling technique. A Pre test was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A Structured teaching program was given. After 7 days post test was conducted. The data was tabulated and analyzed using differential and inferential statistics like percentage, median, interquartile range, wilcoxon matched paired test and fisher exact test.

 

RESULTS:

Section A: Distribution of demographic variables

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of nursing students according to demographic variables (n=100)

Sl. No

Demographic variables

Frequency (f)

Percentage (%)

1

Age

 

 

 

a)18-21 years

b)22-40 years

69

31

69

31

2

Sex

 

 

 

a) Male

b) Female

1

99

1

99

3

Religion

 

 

 

a) Hindu

b) Christian

c) Muslim

d) Others

9

89

2

0

9

89

2

4

Course

 

 

 

a) BSc Nursing

b) Post Basic BSc Nursing

75

25

75

25

5

Year of the study

 

 

 

a) 2nd year BSc and 2nd year PBBSc Nursing

b) 3rd year BSc Nursing

c) 4th year BSc Nursing

d) 1st year Post Basic BSc Nursing

37

25

25

13

37

25

25

13

6

Clinical experience

 

 

 

a)  Yes

b)  No

13

87

13

87

 

Table 1 shows that, out of 100 subjects 69% were in the age group of 18- 21 years. 99% were females. 89% were Christians and 75% were BSc nursing students. It was seen that 25% each were 2nd year, 3rd year and 4th year BSc nursing students and 87% were having no clinical experience.

 

Table. 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of pre test score of student nurses (n=100)

Level of knowledge

Frequency

Percentage

Poor (0-6)

44

44

Average (7-15)

51

51

Good (16-20)

5

5

 

Section B: Assessment of the level of knowledge regarding of student nurses regarding prevention and management of needle stick injury by structured knowledge questionnaire.

 

The pre test conducted in 100 subjects revised that about 5% had good knowledge score, 44% had poor knowledge, and 51% had average knowledge about prevention and management of needle stick injury.

 

Section C: Determination of the effectiveness of structured teaching programme by comparing pretest and post test scores.

 

Table 3: Median and interquartile score of pre test and post test knowledge of nursing students (n = 100)

 

Median

[Q1, Q3]

p value

Pre test

7

[5,9]

p<0.001

Post test

18

[16,19]

 

Wilcoxon matched paired test was performed to know whether there is any significant difference in the average knowledge before and after the teaching programme. It is observed that there is a significant (p < 0.001) difference in the average score before and after the intervention. Hence the teaching programme was found to be effective.

 

Section D: Association between knowledge with selected demographic variables of nursing students.

Table 4: Association between knowledge and selected demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, course, year of study, clinical experience. (n=100)

Sl. No

Demographic variables

Frequency (f) (knowledge)

Fisher exact

p value

Poor

Average

Good

1

Age

 

 

 

 

 

a)18-21 years

b)22-40 years

23

21

41

10

5

0

0.004*

2

Religion

 

 

 

 

 

a) Hindu

b) Christian

c) Muslim

d) Others

3

39

2

6

45

0

0

5

0

 

0.47

3

Course

BSc Nursing

PBBSc Nursing

 

27

17

 

43

8

 

5

0

0.02*

4

Year of study

a)  2nd year BSc Nursing and 2nd year PBBSc Nursing

b)  3rd year BSc Nursing

c)  4th year BSc Nursing

d)  1st year Post Basic BSc Nursing

 

11

10

14

9

 

22

15

10

4

 

4

0

1

0

0.083

5

Clinical experience

 

 

 

 

 

a)     Yes

b)    No

8

36

5

46

0

5

0.39

*significant (p <0.05)

 

To study whether there is any significant association between knowledge score and variables such as age, sex, religion, and course, year of study and clinical experience, Fisher exact test was done.

 

It is observed that variables such as age and course of study are significantly associated with the pre test knowledge (p<0.05).

 

DISCUSSION:

The study shows that most of the nursing students had average knowledge level. After giving structured teaching programme, their knowledge level is increased significantly which showed the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding prevention and management of needle stick injury.

 

The results of the present study were also consistent with the findings of a similar study conducted in to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding Needle stick, Sharp injuries and their prevention among 1styear B.BSC nursing students at Karad that showed significant improvement in knowledge after planned teaching programme5.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest in the study.

 

REFERENCE:

1.      Siddhartha’s and Brunner. Text Book of Medical Surgical Nursing. 12th edition; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Vol.2 2010; pp 2125-2126.

2.      Kermoole M, Jolley D, Thomas C. Occupational exposure to blood and risk of blood borne virus infection among health care workers in rural Indian health care setting. American Journal Infection Control. 2005;33(1):34-41.

3.      World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization; 2002

4.      Prüss‐Üstün A, Rapiti E, Hutin Y. Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health‐care workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2005 Dec; 48(6):482-90

5.      Chopade UA, Kadam S, Hiremath P. A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme (ptp) on knowledge regarding needle stick, sharp injuries and their prevention among 1 st year B. Sc. Nursing Students at Kins, Karad. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. 2015;5(8):401-6.

 

 

 

Received on 23.10.2019         Modified on 16.11.2019

Accepted on 10.12.2019      ©A&V Publications All right reserved

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2020; 10(1):76-78.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2020.00017.8