A pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of interventions regarding breast feeding technique on knowledge of primipara mothers in Haryana

 

Kumari Sunita, Dr. Neetu Sangwan, Rani Deepika

Nursing Student, College of Nursing, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana

 

ABSTRACT:

Background: The baby can feel and hear the sound of her heart beats which is similar to the intrauterine environment. Breast milk is a species specific complete food. It is easily digested and well absorbed by the newborn. Protection against infection and facilitate mother infant bonding and promotes better brain growth. For the mother breast feeding helps in involution of uterus, delays pregnancy and lower risk of breast and ovarian. First year of life is crucial in laying the foundation of good health.¹ At this time certain specific physiological and psychological needs must be met to ensure the survival and healthy development of the child into a future adult. Breast feeding is the ideal method suited for the psychological and physiological needs of the infant.² Breast feeding provides a unique bonding experience for mother and child. It stimulates most of the senses and close body contact allows the baby to recognize its mothers smell^{. 3} The baby should be put to the breast as soon as the baby becomes hungry. There is no restriction of the number of feeds and duration of sucking time.⁴ Methods: A Quantitative approach and pre- experimental research design was used to assess the knowledge on breast feeding technique among 50 primipara mothers who were admitted in MCH WARD in PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana. The sample were selected by Non probability convenient sampling technique and Structured interview schedule method was used to collect data from primipara mothers by using structured knowledge questionnaire. Result: Result showed that pre-test mean score of knowledge regarding breast feeding technique was 10.18 and post-test mean score was 21.64. It Shows that there was significant difference in the mean pre-test knowledge score and mean post-test knowledge score of primipara mothers on breast feeding technique as measured by ‘t’ test (27.61) which was significant at 0.05 level of significance. Education of husband was found to be associated with the Knowledge of primipara mothers as measured by chi square test (12.4) which was significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The study concluded that interventions was effective which improve the knowledge of primipara mothers regarding breast feeding technique.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Breast milk is the natural first food for babies, it provides all the energy and nutrients that infants needs. Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Virtually all mothers can breastfeed, provided they have accurate information, and the support of their family, the health care system and society at large.⁵ The birth of the baby is an important event in the family. It is therefore important for the mothers to have a healthy baby. Breast milk is the best food for the babies as breast fed babies are healthier than formula fed babies.Breastfeeding is the feeding of a baby with milk directly from the mother’s breast, rather than from a baby bottle or other container.⁶ Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk. Human breast milk is the most healthful form of milk for babies. Breast milk, especially the first milk colostrums which contains antibacterial and antiviral agents that protects the infant against disease especially diarrhea.⁷ Breast milk aids the development of infant’s own immune system. Breast feeding is as old as human being. Breast milk is accepted as the unique nutritive food provided by nature for the newborn.⁸ It is universally acknowledged as the best and complete food for infants including sick and preterm as it fulfills their specific nutritional needs. More than a food, it is multipurpose medicine, rich in anti-infective factors, nothing can be compared with the breast milk which is a living substance containing enzymes and antibodies specifically designed to protect the infants very vulnerable body system.⁹ Colostrums, the yellowish sticky breast milk produced at the end of pregnancy, is the perfect food for the newborn and feeding should be initiated within the first half an hour after birth.¹⁰

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Quantitative approach and pre- experimental research design was used to assess 50 primipara mothers who were admitted in MCH WARD, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana. Sample were taken by Non probability convenient sampling technique. Structured interview schedule method was used to collect data from primipara mothers by using structured questionnaire that includes demographic characteristics (8) as well as knowledge variables (30) related to breast feeding technique. The respondents had to choose an option which they felt was the most appropriate. The respondents were given score 1 for the correct option and 0 for the wrong option. It was assumed that analysis of knowledge score data would give indication of the actual needs in terms of knowledge deficit. The response with right or correct answer was marked as knowledge score ‘1’and wrong scored as ‘0’ for variables under study.The collected data was summarized and tabulated by utilizing descriptive statistics which includes percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics includes t – test, chi square. Different diagrams were used to depict the findings.

 

RESULT:

Table I: Distribution of respondents according to Baseline Characteristics.                                                                              N=50

Sample Characteristics	Frequency	Percentage
Age of the mother 18-21 year 22-25 year 26-30 year 31-35 year	13 20 17 0	26% 40% 34% 0%
Education Illiterate Primary Middle Secondary and Above	16 16 10 8	32% 32% 20% 16%
Type of family Nuclear Joint Extended Blended	18 17 9 6	36% 34% 18% 12%
Occupation of the mother Laborer Private employee Govt. employee Self employed	8 22 8 12	16% 44% 16% 24%
Occupation of the husband Laborer Private Employee Govt. Employee self employed	8 17 21 4	16% 34% 42% 8%
Family income Rs. Less than 5000 Rs. 5001-10000 Rs. 10001-15000 Rs. 15001 and above	2 8 14 26	4% 16% 28% 52%
Source of information Newspaper Magazine T. V. Others	5 12 13 20	10% 24% 26% 40%
Education of husband Illiterate Primary Middle Secondary and above	2 3 15 30	4% 6% 30% 60%

 

 

Table II: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of intervention on Breast feeding Technique among primipara mothers.                              N=50

Knowledge Criteria	Pre-test			Post-test			‘t’ value	Result
	%age	Mean	SD	%age	Mean	SD	27.61	Significant
Inadequate knowledge	64%	10.18	2.46	0%	21.64	1.63
Moderate knowledge	36%			12%
Adequate knowledge	0%			88%

 

The difference between pre-test mean score and post-test score was 11.46. The obtained ‘t’ value is 27.61 is greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. So there is remarkable improvement in the knowledge of the mothers.

 

 

Figure 1: Diagrammatic Presentation of pre test score of knowledge regarding Breast feeding technique among primipara mothers.

 

Figure 2: Diagrammatic Presentation of post-test score of knowledge regarding Breast feeding technique among primipara mothers.

 

Figure 3: Diagrammatic Presentation of Mean Score and Standard Deviation of knowledge regarding Breast feeding technique among primipara mothers.

 

 

CONCLUSION:

Conclusion of the Study that interventions were found to be effective in enhancing the knowledge of the mothers regarding breast feeding technique.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are grateful to the authorities of College of Nursing, PGIMS, Rohtak for the facilities.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

REFERENCES:

1.     Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, “Basic newborn care and Resuscitation Program Training Manual” pp-65-70.

2.     NA Beischer, EV Mackay, pbcolditz, “Obstetrics and the Newborn”3^rd Edition, London, Wbsaunders, 1997 pp613-618

3.     Helen verny, “Nurse Midwifery” 2^nd edition London Jenes and Bartlett Publisher’s pp-502-505.

4.     Kishore M Sai S, Kumar P, Aggarwal, AK. Breastfeeding knowledge and practices amongst mothers in a Rural Population of North India: A community-based study. J Trop Pediatr. 2009; 55 (3): 183-8.

5.      Ruth. A. Lawrence, “Breast feeding – A guide for the medical profession.” (1999), 5^th Edition Mosby Company, Missouri, page No. 253-263.

6.     Christensson K, Seles C, Moreno L et al. Temperature, metabolic adaptation and crying in healthy newborns cared for skin-to-skin or in cot. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica (1992).

7.     UNICEF (Internet). UNICEF India Media centre, Adolescent –An age of opportunity; 2012 (cited on 2012 August 20). Available from www.unicef.org/india/media 6785.htm.

8.     Raman Kalia. Promotion of breast-feeding practices. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2004; Vol 44: 1128-1137.

9.     Bushnell IWR, SaiF, Mullin JT. Neonatal Recognition of the mother’s face. British Journal of Developmental Psychology (1989).

10.  Neharban Singh, “Care of the Newborn” (1999) 5^th Edition, sagar publication. New Delhi, Page No. 142, 159, 163, 167.

 

 

Received on 28.03.2020          Modified on 18.04.2020

Accepted on 30.04.2020   ©AandV Publications All right reserved