INTRODUCTION:

"Find Tuberculosis, treat tuberculosis. Working together to eliminate tuberculosis"

- CDC

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease. On March 24, 1882, Robert Koch announced the discovery of tubercle bacillus. He would have least expected that the world would be fighting hard to control tuberculosis, an easily curable disease, even after 125 years. Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in India, coupled with rising member of cases of Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in whom the most common opportunistic infection is tuberculosis, it has gained even greater importance the revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) depends on the passive to the health institutions. Therefore, it is important that the basic knowledge about the disease, the availability of treatment and prevention of tuberculosis is clear among the individuals in the community. Equally important is to assess the impact of various strategies adopted for improving knowledge and compliance (R. Mahotra).

Tuberculosis is a specific infections disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease primarily affects lungs and causes pulmonary tuberculosis. It can also affect intestine, brain, bones and joints, lymph glands, skin and other tissues of the body. The global incidence rate of tuberculosis is growing at approximately 1.1 per cent per year and number of cases 2.4% per year. M. Tuberculosis infects an estimated one third of the world’s population and remains the leading cause of death of infection disease in the world.

In India, Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem. Every year approximately 18- lakh adult develop Tuberculosis and about 4 lakh die from it. India accounts for one fifth of global incidence of Tuberculosis and tops the list of 22 high Tuberculosis burden countries. Unless sustained, approximately 20 lakh adult in India are estimated to die of Tuberculosis in next five year. India is the highest tuberculosis burden country in the world. 2 out of 5 Indian are infected with the tuberculosis bacillus. The average annual risk of infection is estimated to be 1.5%. Everyday 5000 adult develop the diseases.

One of the main smoking-related causes of death in India, particularly in rural areas, is tuberculosis (TB). In general population surveys in southern India, the proportion reporting a previous history of tuberculosis is about two or three times as great in smokers as in non-smokers; likewise, case–control studies suggest that the incidence of tuberculosis is higher among smokers. In India, however, smoking is closely associated with drinking, and is strongly inversely associated with educational status. To investigate the extent to which smoking and drinking are independently related to the incidence rate of tuberculosis, a population-based case–control study has been undertaken of all patients treated in the state-run tuberculosis clinics in a rural study area in southern India.

NEED FOR STUDY:

In India, every year, approximately 1.8million persons develop tuberculosis, of which about 0.8million are new smear positive highly infectious cases. Annual risk of becoming infected with Tuberculosis is 1.5%. Two of every five Indians are infected with Tuberculosis bacillus. Everyday about 5000 adult develop the disease. Patients with infectious Pulmonary Tuberculosis disease can infect 10–15 people in a year. 2 person die of Tuberculosis every 3 minutes, more than 1000 adult die every day almost 0.5million die every year [K. Park].

The WHO has worked with country representatives and doctors to implement the DOTS strategy with in National Tuberculosis Program in more than 100 countries. Every element of the strategy depends on a trained and community health care workers and volunteers with whom the strategy cannot work. Behind the workers is a community that wants to be free from Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis control needs community support and involvement. A successful DOTS strategy requires Partnership between the Primary Health Care Team, other sectors and the community.

In 2003, 8.8 million adult worldwide developed active Tuberculosis, and each year, an estimated 1.7million adult die from Tuberculosis. India is the country with the highest burden of tuberculosis, World Health Organization (WHO) statistic for 2013 giving and estimated incidence figure of 2.1million cases of tuberculosis for India out of global incidence of 9 million. The estimated tuberculosis prevalence figure for 2013 is given as a 2.6million. Tobacco smoking, and exposure to smoke, increases the risk of Tuberculosis, and infectious disease that kills a large number of adult every year.

There are several potential explanations for the association, although more research is needed to determine the mechanisms involved, the authors note. Smoking could decrease the immune response or damage the function of cilia in the airways, increasing the risk for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis control policies should in the future incorporate tobacco control as a preventive intervention. The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in Bhavnagar in 2007 to 2013 is 41, 342. The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in the year 2014 to 2017 is 2597.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

“A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding knowledge and prevention of tuberculosis among adult in Ghogha area of Bhavnagar City”.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

1. To assess the adult knowledge in the pre-test administration of planned teaching programme.

2. To assess the adult knowledge in the post-test administration of planned teaching -programme.

3. To compare the effectiveness of planned teaching programme by comparing pre-test and post-test knowledge score on tuberculosis among adult.

OPERATIONAL DEFINATION:

ASSESS:

In this study it refers to gathering information regarding knowledge of tuberculosis adult.

EFFECTIVNESS:

In this study it refers to the significant increase in post-test knowledge scores on Tuberculosis.

PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME:

In this study it means a detail of information for doing and achieving knowledge regarding Tuberculosis.

KNOWLEDGE:

In this study it refers to the level of understanding regarding Tuberculosis and its prevention among adult residing in the selected area.

TUBERCULOSIS:

An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, to any part of the body.

ADULT:

In this study it refers to the20 to 40 years of males who has a history or habit of smoking for at least 5 years.

HYPOTHESIS:

H0: The mean post-test knowledge on tuberculosis will be significantly more than mean pre-test knowledge among adult.

H1: There will be significant associated between the post-test knowledge of adult regarding tuberculosis and selected demographic variable.

ASSUMPTION:

1) Adults may have previous knowledge about Tuberculosis to some extent.

2) Knowledge on Tuberculosis can be evaluated.

3) Planned Teaching Programme is an accepted strategy for enhancing the level of knowledge.

METHODOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

The researcher had adopted experimental research approach. In the present study, the investigator describes to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme about the knowledge and prevention of Tuberculosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

In the present study “One group pretest–posttest design” which is a Quasi experimental design was used to assess the knowledge of Tuberculosis and its prevention among in selected area of Ghogha, Bhavnagar.

RESEARCH SETTING:

Setting is the physical location and condition in which data collection takes place in the study. This study was conducted at urban area of Bhavnagar.

TARGET POPULATION:

In this study the target populations were adult 20-40 years of age group residing in Ghogha, Bhavnagar.

SAMPLE:

The sample selected for present study categories the adults of age 20-40 year in urban area of GHOGHA BHAVNAGAR.

SAMPLE SIZE:

The sample size selected for this study is 30 adults residing in urban area of Bhavnagar.

Sampling technique:

For the present studyinvestigator selected the simple random sampling technique through the Lottery method.

SAMPLING CRITERIA:

Inclusion criteria:

1 Adult who are willing to participate in the study.

2 Adult who are available at the time of data collection.

3 Adult whose age was 20-40 year and habit of smoking since 5 year.

4 Adult who know to read and write Gujarati.

Exclusion criteria:

1 Adult who did not smoke to participate in the study.

2 Adult who had previously participated in the Tuberculosis related research study.

3 Adult who are diagnosed with tuberculosis.

RESULTS:

The data obtained were entered into a master sheet for tabulation, analysis and interpretation, using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data collected are presented under the following headings:

SECTION I:

Findings related to socio demography variables. It indicates that 37% [11] samples who have history of smoking till 1 year and 63% [19] samples who have the history of smoking till more than 2-5 years. There were 60% [18] samples live in nuclear family and 40% [12] samples live in joint family. There were 44% [13] samples family monthly income were below 1000-5000 and 56% [17] samples family monthly income were 5000-10000. There were 13% [4] samples live in city and 87% [26] samples live in village. There were 20% [6] live in ventilated house and 80% [24] samples live in poor ventilated house. There were 7% [2] samples are uneducated, 30% [9] samples are primary, 60% [18] samples are secondary and 3% [1] samples is graduated.

SECTION II:

Findings related to knowledge of tuberculosis among adult in Ghogha area of Bhavnagar. The frequency and percentage wise distribution of people according to knowledge of tuberculosis among the people. The pre-test scores show that majority 50% (15) people having sub average knowledge score 6-10, 50% (15) people having average knowledge score 11-15 and no one having good knowledge score. And the post-test scores show that majority 53.3% (16) people having good knowledge score 16-20, 46.6% (14) people having average knowledge score 11-15, No one having sub average knowledge score, which indicate that the health teaching was effective.

SECTION III:

Findings of data showing effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge score in study group.

Their pre-test and post-test correct answers were recorded. Mean and standard deviation of test scores are obtained as below:

Test	Mean	SD
Pre-test	10.73	3.2
Post-test	15.5	3.8

SECTION IV:

Findings of data to find association between posttest knowledge with demographic variables.

The findings on relationship between knowledge regarding on tuberculosis in adult measures and selected variables of sample shows that there is such significant association between history of smoking, family income, family type, residential area, housing pattern, and education.

For history of smoking chi-square is 2.03 at DF 3, so this variable is not significant. For family income chi-square is 1.49 at DF 3, so this variable is not significant. For type of family chi-square is 0.96 at DF 3 so this variable is not significant. For residential area chi-square is 1.94 at DF 3 so this variable is not significant. For housing pattern chi-square is 0.35 at DF 3 so this variable is not significant. For education chi-square is 6.48 at DF 6 so this variable is not significant.

CONCLUSION:

The various findings of the study show that the knowledge regarding tuberculosis among 20-40 has been improved through planned teaching program. There is an associated between the knowledge level and variables such as history of smoking, family income, family type, residential area, housing pattern, and education.

This study has shown that knowledge in adult about tuberculosis is quite good, which can be updated through teaching.

REFERENCES:

1. K.K. Gulani, "Community Health Nursing", 2nd edition, Neelam Kumara, P.No: 409-412.

2. I Clement, "Basic Concept of Community Health Nursing", Jaypee Publication, 2nd edition, P.No: 331-353.

3. Sunita Patney “Text Book of Community Health Nursing”, 1st Edition, CBC Publishers, P.No: 301-311.

4. BT Basvanthappa, “Community Health Nursing”, Jaypee Brother Publication, 2nd edition, P.No: 713-726.

5. S. Kamalam, “Essential in Community Nursing Practice”, 2nd edition Jaypee Brother Publication, P.No: 72, 82, 213, 533, 540.

6. I Clement, “Manual of Community Health Nursing” 1st edition2012, Jaypee Publication, P.No: 170-172.

7. B. Sridhar Rao, “Community Health Nursing” 2nd edition, AITBS Publisher, P.No: 204-213.

8. LippinCott, “Manual of Community Health Nursing Practices, 9th edition, Wolter Klumar Publication, P.No: 297-303.

9. Brunner & Siddharth‟s, “Text Book of Medical Surgical Nursing”, 11th Edition Volume-1, Wolterskluwer, Publication, P.No: 643-650

10. BT Basvanthappa, “Medical Surgical Nursing” 2nd edition, Jaypee Brother Publication, P.No: 309-312.

11. NeelamKumari, 1st Edition-2005, P.No: 402-403

12. Javed Ansari, “Medical Surgical Nursing” Edition 2011, P.No: 598-607

13. http://www.webmd.com/tb

14. http://www.doh.gov.za/tb/docs/ntcp guidlines.pdf

15. http://www.who.int/tb/fog.en

16. http://www.mayoclinic.org

17. http://www.tbfacts.org

18. http://www.euro.who.int/tobecofrce/projects

19. http://nhp.gov.in/RNTCP

20. http://tbassnindia.org

21. http://www.surgongeneral.gov/tobeco/treating

22. http://uphs.upenn.edu/antibiotics

Received on 20.04.2020 Modified on 18.05.2020

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2020; 10(3): 343-346.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2020.00073.7