INTRODUCTION:

Smoking among adolescent is an issue that affects countries worldwide smoking and smokeless tobacco use are initiated and established primarily during adolescence nearly 9 out of 10 smokers by age 18, and 99% started by age 26. In 2012, 6.7% of middle school and 23.3% of high school students currently used tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigar, hookahs, snus, smokeless tobacco, pipes, biddies, keteks dissolvable tobacco and electronic cigarettes.

Tobacco consumption is the most prevalent cause of the disease and death. The harmful effect of smoking pipe and cigar are somewhat less long term smokers of filter tipped cigarettes appear to have 30-35% lower risk of development of cancer due to consumption of tobacco. Tobacco consumption can affect the lives of adolescents and other people the use of tobacco consumption begins in adolescents as an occasional trip from the friends, pressure from the friends, as a recreational use, experimental basis to have an experience out of curiosity about tobacco consumption, then it gradually process to more intensive compulsive use and become victimization of tobacco consumption. It is fashion in young stars and soon there is defective personality and causes of diseases.

Adolescence a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage your through its physical, psychological and cultural expressions and may begin earlier and end late.

A large number of current smokers in these countries quit, it is estimated that smoking would be causing 10 million death per year worldwide by the 2020’s or early 2030’s.

The tobacco use among the youth, in both smoking and smokeless forms, is quite high in the South East Asian region including Nepal one of the creative and targeted marketing strategies of various tobacco companies and its work regulation abundant tobacco production, weak enforcement of tobacco control measures, early accessibility of these products are other.

According to a 2002 WHO estimate, 70% of adult males in India smoke. This means approximately 1 million Indians would die annually from smoking by 2010. According to the Indian heart association, India accounts for 83% of the worlds heart disease burden, despite population.

In 2011, cancer was the second leading cause of death to heart disease nationally. The numbers worldwide are staggering with about 7.6 million deaths from cancer.

About 30% of these cancer deaths are due to five behavioral and dietary risk factors which can be prevented. This risk factor are high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use (WHO 2013).

The global adult tobacco survey, India (2009-2010) reported that among the minors (15-17 years), 9.6% consumed tobacco in some from which cannot be ignored. An estimated total of 5500 adolescents start using tobacco everyday in India. The WHO predicts that deaths due to tobacco habits in India may exceed 1.5 million annually by 2020. Refraining from the use of tobacco can add 20 years to the life of a teenager. Thus, understanding the life burden of tobacco use among the adolescents helps in formulation of effective control measures targetingthem.

Smoking in India has been known since at least 2000 BC when cannabis was smoked and is first mentioned in the atharvaveda, which dates back a few hundred year BC. fumigation (dhupa) and fire offerings (home) are prescribed in the Ayurveda for medical purposes and have been practiced for at least 3,000 years while smoking, dhumrapana, has been practiced for at least 2,000 years. Tobacco was introduced to India in the 17th century. It later merged with existing practices of smoking.

Smoking in public places was prohibited nationwide from 2 October 2008. There are approximately 120 million smokers in India. According to the world health organization (WHO), India is home to 12% of the world's smokers. more than 10 million people die everyyear due to tobacco related illness. As of 2015, the number of men smoking tobacco in India rose to 108 million, an increase of 30% between 1998 and 2015.

According to the global adult tobacco survey 2016-2017 (GATS-2), Published by the ministry of health and family welfare, government of India, while the consumer base of tobacco users the India is 28.6% of adults, the adult cigarette consumer base in only 4%.

Back home tobacco biddies is more widely practiced then cigarettes as apparent from dates obtained from national council of applied economic research, New Delhi and is associated with higher risk because biddies are more carcinogen cigarettes tobacco consumption increase the incidence T.B and also acts an reservoir of infection in the community burdening health care system for this (Edith mass 1987) the tobacco consumption including alcohol, causes enormous, damage to health and productive of nations. It undermines the quality of life of individual and their families and threatens the welfare of the community. Tobacco consumption prevalent in Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and in parts of Sri lanka i.e. chewing of tobacco alone of mixed with slaked lime as bolus of paan kept in mouth for long hours which is the major causes of cancer of upper digestive tract and oral cavity.

Besides harmful effects of smoking on active smokers themselves in voluntary exposure of smoke to by standers is also injurious to health particularly to infants and children.

Tobacco consumption causes many health problems like cancer of lungs, larynx, esophagus, peptic ulcer, kidney, pancreas, heart diseases like atherosclerosis, heart attack, angina pectoris, peripheral vascular diseases stroke, peptic and ulcer, allergy including even T.B also. Tobacco use is responsible for more than one of every 6 deaths in united states from pulmonary and cardio vascular diseases. More than 85% of lung cancer are attribute to inhalation of carcinogenic chemicals. The risk of lung cancer decrease as the duration of smoking cessationincreases.

Tobacco consumption is a major public health issue and a social problem worldwide. WHO estimates that annually 4.9 million deaths are due to tobacco consumption. In India, the deaths attributed to tobacco, are expected to rise from 1.4% of all deaths in 1990 to 13.3% by 2020. Young populations naïve experimentation frequently develops into regular smoking, which typically becomes a routine practice and turns into a strong addiction. The global youth tobacco study has reported that smoking is the predominant form of tobacco consumption among adolescents in developed countries while both smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption are prevalent in developing countries. In India, wide inter regional variation in prevalence has been reported. Point prevalence among boys 12 to 18 years of age was 55% reported by the national household survey of drug and alcohol abuse in India. Point prevalence of tobacco use amongst 13-15 year old was 4.9% among 4110 school children in Karnataka.

Tobacco use in children and adolescent reaching pandemic levels. The world Bank has reported that nearly 82,000-99,000 children and adolescents all over the world begin smoking every day. About half of them would continue to smoke to adulthood and half of the adult smokers are expected to die prematurely due to smoking related diseases. If current smoking trends continue, tobacco will kill nearly 250 million of today’s children.

India is the second most populous country in the world. It is a secular country but the Hindus form the majority. Hinduism traditionally advocates abstinence from all intoxicants. Even then, India is the third largest producer and consumer of tobacco in the world. The country has long history of tobacco use. Tobacco used in a variety of ways in India; its use has unfortunately been well recognized among the adolescents. Tobacco addiction of a large number of adults has been initiated during theadolescence.

Considering the enormous health complications associated with tobacco use, It is of utmost importance to understand the factors leading to its use and to plan strategies to reduce its intake. This is especially relevant for the developing countries like India, where tobacco use continues to be common notwithstanding the recognition of harmful consequences of its usage. This paper reviews the patterns of tobacco use in India, its prevalence in Indian adolescents, role of psychosocial factors in initiation and prevention, and the steps taken by the state to control its use.

Smoking most commonly leads to disease affecting the heart and lungs and will most commonly affect areas such as hand or feet with-first signs of smoking related health issues showing up as numbness, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attack, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD) Emphy sema and cancer, particularly lung cancer, cancers of larynx and mouth and pancrentic cancer .overall life expectancy is also reduced in long term smokers with estimates ranging from two years fewer than non smokers about one half of long term male smokers will due of illness due to smoking. The association of smoking with lung cancer is strongest both in the public perception and etiologically among male smokers, the life time risk of developing lung cancer is 17.2% among femalesmokers, the risk is 11.6% this risk is significantly lower in non smokers 1.3% in men and 1.4% in women. Historically lung cancer was considered to be a rare disease prior to world war I was perceived as something most physicians would never see during their career. A person's increased risk of contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that a person continues to smoked, However if someone stop smoking then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their body is repaired a year after quitting the risk of contracting heart disease half that of a continuing smoker the health risk of smoking are not uniform across all smokers risks vary according to the amount of tobaccosmoked, with those who smoke more at greater risk. Smoking so called ''light'' cigarettes does not reduce the risk.

OBJECTIVE:

· To assess the knowledge of adolescent group regarding hazards of tobacco consumption.

· To provide an information module on the basis of knowledge regarding tobacco consumption & its hazards.

· To assess the effectiveness of the structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention of tobacco consumption.

· To assess pre-test knowledge score regarding prevention of tobacco consumption among younger.

· To assess the post-test knowledge score regarding of tobacco consumption among the younger

HYPOTHESIS:

H0: The mean before pre-test knowledge score of higher secondary students in selected school structured teaching programme on tobacco consumption and it’s hazards will be significantly less.

H1: The mean before post-test knowledge score of higher secondary students in selected school structured teaching programme on tobacco consumption and it’s hazards will be significantly higher than there mean pre-test as evidenced from the structure questionnaire.

H2: There will be significant difference in pre-test and post-test score on educational tobacco consumption and it’s hazards in terms of management among higher secondary students of selected school of visnagar.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Pre-experimental one group pre-test, post-test research design and quantitative research approach are used to assess the knowledge regarding tobacco consumption and it’s hazards. Convenient sampling techniques were used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was selected to assess the knowledge regarding tobacco consumption and it’s hazards among higher secondary school in selected school of Visnagar.

MAJOR FINDING:

Regarding level of knowledge during pre-test 1(2.5%) student had adequate level of knowledge on tobacco consumption and it’s hazards 12(30%) students had poor level of knowledge and 27(67.5%) students had average level of knowledge.

During post test 19(47.5%) student had adequate level of knowledge on tobacco consumption and it’s hazards 21(52.5%) students had inadequate level of knowledge on tobacco consumption and it’s hazards.

From all the above finding it can be marked that after administration of the definite increase In knowledge samples. The mean pretest score was 12.52 and post test score was 19.22 with the mean difference 6.7 hence it is established to conclude the structured teaching programme was effective and that was significant increase in knowledge to tobacco consumption and it’s hazards.

CONCLUSION:

On the bases of finding of the study the following conclusion were drawn. Knowledge deficit existed in the sample if selected school of Visnagar. The study of structured teaching programme was fond to be effective in enhancing the knowledge of the sample regarding the tobacco consumption and it’s hazards. Sample gain significant knowledge after expose of the structured teaching programme.

REFERENCE:

1. BS Chavan, Nitin gupta “ Text book of Jaypee Brothers, 1^st edition; Community Mental Helth in India page Nomber 176-178.

2. B.T Basvanthappa, “ Medical Surgical Nursing ”, 2^nd edition , Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) ITD. Page No oral Cancer; 454; Lung Cancer 316.

Received on 20.04.2020 Modified on 25.06.2020

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2021; 11(1):79-82.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2021.00020.3