INTRODUCTION:

According to World Health Organization (WHO) 2018 Global Health and Health Report, Individual consumption of alcohol in India increased by two barriers between 2005 and 2016.¹⁴ Indians drank 2.4 litres of alcohol in 2005, this become 4.3 lifters in the year 2010 and in 2016 it rises to 5.7 litres. In 2016 due to alcohol addiction number of people were died that is approximately three million.

According that report quarter of died people were man. All in all, alcohol abuse accounts for more than 5% of the world's disease burden.^{10, 11, 16, 18}

Usually in lots of countries students in different College and universities are at high risk for alcohol and alcohol contain substance abuse, as well as occurs instant health risks like using vehicles under the influence of alcohol and other drugs), and in future health risks like alcohol addiction). After all, the use of alcohol by college students is a very positive effect on individual students, group of students and also on college environment as a whole, from which they are abused. Alcohol addiction worse the life of students spoil their future and even may leads death. Alcohol behaviour among health care professional students has a profound impact on human health. First, physicians and future practitioners are leaders of important ideas and role models in relation to health-related behaviours. Second, the drinking of professional health care students themselves can shape their beliefs about standard or safe use standards, especially even without any particular reliable information regarding guideline of alcohol intake. Finally, student’s alcohol intake habits may influence their attitude. Hence special counselling can influence the attitude and behaviours of students who heavily consumed alcohol. personal health practices and alcohol-related counselling practices of physicians have powerful relationship.¹

In 2005 the death of college students i.e. >18,000 and injuries without any intentional i.e. five lakhs occurred due to consumption of alcohol. Increase in death numbers has surpassed student overall development since 1998.², ¹⁵ Life-threatening behaviour associated with alcohol consumption is an important social and health issue in many countries. It is an world-wide challenging serious problem for society.^{3,19, 21} A variety of behaviour and behavioural factors, such as religious involvement, school attendance, and grade level, also influence adolescent behaviour in drinking. About two thirds of grade 12 report using alcohol in at least one alcohol-related problem. Most youths take for granted the pleasure that comes from drinking alcohol, like having fun with friends.^4,18,23 Men who showed this habit were more likely to drink than other people at a level close to what they saw as normal. various previous studies revealed that college boys are more susceptible than girls toward alcohol consumption on college campus.it is due to wrong perception towards alcohol intake is an important part of men's life and status.^{5,17, 20} Estimates of the prevalence of all categories of suicidal behaviour in the sample of young children have varied from low to 2% to high of 63%. And efforts among young men compared to young women. Although many different correlates or predicting suicidal thoughts, strategies, and attempts have been discussed in the literature, two factor aggressive / coercive behaviour and drug and alcohol use have received considerable attention.^{6, 25}

Alcohol is a major cause of offence. Doctors and other health personnel play an important role and responsibility in handling with adolescent patients having unhealthy alcohol intake.^7,22 Violent behaviours between teens and adolescents can be involved in a war that carries gunshot wounds and injuries. Some studies have revealed that physical and sexual abuse among students has increased due to increase in alcohol and different drug addiction among college students in adolescent period.^8,24 Alcohol-addiction can also create many health issues during old age. It can affect physically and mentally in geriatric health.⁹ Alcohol abuse can causes poor learning and loss of memory which leads poor performance of everyone.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

Research Approach: In this current study Quantitative research approach was used. Research Design: To achieving the objectives of present study Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Setting: the present study was undertaken selected university students, Bhubaneswar. Sample: all students enrolled in different course of study and fulfilling the inclusion criteria in selected university, Bhubaneswar Sample size: In the present study the sample comprises of 200 college students. Sampling techquine- simple Random sampling technique was used to select the colleges and subjects were selected conveniently.

Data Collection Tool:

Sec-A: Socio demographic variables such as age, gender, residence, academic, parent education, family monthly income, habitat, types of family, family history alcoholism was measured by using self-structured questionnaire tool.

Sec-B: Self –structured checklist to measure risk taking behaviour. For this section rating scale was adopted with score was low, medium and high risk. The score range was 14-28 divided in to 3 scales- Low risk (14-18), Medium (19-24), High (25-28)

Sec-C: Behavioural rating scale was used to analyse the behaviour.

Data collection procedure:

A formal prior written permission was obtained from the selected college authority, after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional ethical committee for conducting the study. Selected the colleges by lottery method of random sampling technique. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, investigator identified the eligible samples by using convenient sampling technique. Purpose of the study and process of the data collection was explained and adequate information was given to the samples, and an informed written consent was obtained from each sample. Then the socio-demographic information was collected from all 200 samples by using questionnaire method. Then by using Self –structured checklist to measure risk taking behaviour and behavioural rating scale was used to analyse the behaviour of students.

RESULT:

Analysis of data:

Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Demographic data, risk taking behaviour measure and behavioural analysis were expressed as frequency and percentage. The association of risk taking behaviour with selected demographic variables was calculated by using Chi square test.

Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants:

Out of 200 college students maximums (69.5%) were within 19-23 years of age. Majority of the study samples (87%) were male. According to educational status, majority of the study samples (61%) were belonged to under graduate students. Majority of the study samples (40%) were staying on campus. According to father’s educational status majority of the study samples (53.5%) were graduate and according to mother’s educational status majority samples (51.5%) were graduate. Majority sample (64%) was from urban community. Maximum of the study samples (48%) were staying with joint family. Majority of the study samples (38%) were having family history of alcohol intake.

Findings related to Risk taking behaviour measure among students: In this study according to questionnaires, students risk taking behaviours are categorised into three groups. These are low, medium and High-risk taking behaviour, Table-1 indicates the different category of risk behaviour measures among students.

Table-1: Findings related to Risk taking behaviour measure among students. N=200

Variable factor	Frequency(f) of risk-taking behaviour
Age	Low (14-18)	Medium (19-24)	High (5-28)	total
<19	6	33	6	45
19-27	29	94	16	139
>27	3	13	0	16
Gender
Male	30	125	19	174
Female	8	15	3	26
Residence
On campus	15	55	10	80
Off campus without parents	19	50	6	75
Off campus with parents	4	35	6	45

Table -1 revealed that male students of age group 19-27 yrs. Those staying on campus are medium risk-taking behaviour.

Findings related to Chi square analysis of risk-taking behaviour with selected demographic variables:

It was revealed that the chi square association of the risk-taking behaviour with age and residence was statistically significant as the calculated chi square value is 3.507, calculated P value (0.476) was <0.05 level of significance. The chi square association with sex was statistically significant as the calculated chi square value was 2.077 and calculated P value (0.353) was <0.05 level of significance. And also the chi square association with residence was statistically significant as the calculated chi square value was 13.874 and calculated P value (0.007) was <0.05 level of significance.

Findings related to behavioural analysis of students:

Maximum sample 52.5% consume alcohol and 30% of sample spent <1 hr for drinking alcohol. Majority 37.5% of sample consumes whisky. Maximum samples 44.5% of the doctor/nurse never asked the sample about drinking of alcohol. About 31% of the average sample consumed a single episode of drink. Maximum 28.5% the sample felt sleepy on consumption of alcohol. On consuming alcohol 47.5% of the sample got in too deep sleep. Maximum sample 35% of people forgets things after consumption of alcohol. Majority 42.5% of the sample consume alcohol to forget problems or to fell less depress. majority of the samples49% of the family members complained about consuming alcohol. About 33.5% of the sample asked money from parent for purchasing alcohol.

DISCUSSION:

The results of the study have reported that the risk behaviours prevalence among students was 87 % and it was higher in male students as compare to female students. and 40% were campus students were high level of risk for alcohol consumption. About 69.5% of age group 19-27 were involved in alcohol consumption due to the level of high living standard, high income sources and for getting pleasure. Risk taking behaviour with age, sex and residence was statistically significant.

The current study was presented in a cross-sectional study conducted by Heydari ST et.al (2015) conducted among 1149 students at the University of Jahrom, Iran from December 2012 to February 2013. The study found that tobacco (28.3%), alcohol (13.0%), and 5.2% was the fat used by students. the prevalence of drug use among male students was significantly higher (OR: 1.5,95% CI: 1.42-2.68, P <0.001). The risk of at least one episode of substance abuse was high among students who lived alone (OR: 3.03,95% CI: 1.74-5.28, P <0.001) The most important motivators for starting drug use were curiosity, at 46.4% and looking for happiness, at -8.8%. (12)

Another study Schaus, J.F., Sole, M.L., Mc Coy, T. P., etal. (2009), the result found that students were in the less severe, heavier, and heavier group and were less likely to have index problems of 10,14,23 numbers respectively. And the regular drinking group contained 20% of the sample but experienced 31% of total injuries.¹³

Similar study Ali Sina Rahim, Leila Soleimaninia, etal. (2017), conducted a study on Students Tehran University to find out the risky behaviours. The findings of the study which showed that the increase in risky behaviour was more in male students i.e,26.4% as compared with female students The most dangerous behaviours among students were very less in activity and exercise and were subsequently unhealthy habits, unhealthy eating habits, smoking, alcoholism, violence, drug abuse and suicide, respectively.(3)

Another study by Varsha Chaudhary (2015), the result showing a good family history of alcohol use, was a combination of alcohol use (p- value = 0.002), the type of family whether nuclear or joint also had an important relationship with the drinking habit (p- value = 0.478). It is very clear that a mother's work whether she works or not contributes to her involvement in alcohol use (p- value = 0.000).(1)

CONCLUSION:

Finally, the high level of risky behaviours associated with alcohol addiction among young people, especially students. An alcoholic student needs special counselling and encouragement in all areas such as physical, mental and psychological etc. Good educational capacity is provided to the college environment to decrease risky behaviours and enhance all the students to adopt healthy behaviours to improve their health status. It empowers students, allows them to determine their own needs and encourages their self-awareness and personal growth and professionalism to take over.

ETHICAL STATEMENT:

Institutional ethical committee selected and approved the permission for conducting this study and prior consent was taken from students who fulfill the inclusion criteria.

DECLARATIONS:

Funding: Not any fund received to conduct the study.

Conflict of interest: Author declares there is no conflict during the study.

Ethical approval:

The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee ‘SOA’ University (A Deemed to be University)

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Received on 09.10.2020 Modified on 01.12.2020

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2021; 11(3):317-320.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2021.00076