INTRODUCTION:

ChatGPT is based on the GPT-3.5 architecture, which is a modified version of the GPT-3 model released by OpenAI in November 2022. GPT-3.5 is essentially a smaller version of GPT-3, with 6.7 billion parameters compared to GPT-3's 175 billion parameters.^2,3ChatGPT has improved comprehension of complicated inputs, can produce correct and pertinent text in response to complex inputs, eliminate biases, and can be fine-tuned for certain tasks and applications.^4-6ChatGPT is pre-trained on a substantial corpus of text data, including books, papers, and websites.⁷The GPT-3.5 architecture has shown state-of-the-art performance on a variety of language tasks, including text creation, language interpretation, and machine translation. It is a strong and effective technique to represent natural language sequences. Contrarily, ChatGPT was shown to have a verbal-linguistic IQ of 147 (99.9th percentile).⁸

Open AI's latest AI development, Chat GPT, attracted 1 million users in just five days.⁹One of Chat GPT's key features is its ability to comprehend natural language input and reply accordingly. Users may speak with ChatGPT in a way that feels natural and intuitive, much as they would with a human.¹⁰Another crucial feature is Chat GPT's ability to provide customers with tailored assistance that is interactive. Chat GPT may modify its responses and provide specialised guidance and support based on user input. Chat GPT might be used, for example, to provide customised suggestions for educational goods and websites based on a user's learning objectives and interests. Frequently, Chat GPT is implemented as a chatbot that can be accessible via a variety of channels, such as a website, a mobile app, or a messaging service.¹¹

With the advancement of technology nursing field is also evolving constantly. Introduction of ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence technologyalso influenced nursing education, clinical nursing and research. In this article, we will explore the role of ChatGPT on nursing education, clinical nursing and nursing research.

Chat GPT in nursing education:

ChatGPT can play a significant role in nursing education by providing various forms of support to students, educators, and practitioners. It makes learning easy to students by helping them in understanding difficult topics. It can create practice scenarios and allow nursing students to practice their communication and critical thinking skills.¹² It provides 24/7 access to resources allowing them to seek clarification, ask questions, and review concepts outside of regular class hours which further enhances their learning experience. ChatGPT can assist students in reviewing course materials and preparing for exams by creating practice questions, helping students consolidate their knowledge and test their understanding. It can help students develop clinical decision making, language and Communication Skills and can assist in translating medical information and instructions, improving communication with non-native speakers.¹³

It helps students to resolve ethical Dilemmas by presenting ethical scenarios, encouraging students to explore the ethical considerations and make informed decisions.¹⁴ ChatGPT can be integrated into virtual patient simulation platforms, providing students with realistic patient interactions. This helps students develop clinical skills in a safe environment. ChatGPT can further guide nursing students on their career paths.

Chat GPT in clinical nursing:

Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT can be a valuable tool in clinical nursing. Nurses often spend a significant amount of time answering common questions from patients and their families. AI can assist by providing accurate and consistent responses to routine inquiries, freeing up nurses' time to focus on more complex tasks.¹⁵ ChatGPT can provide patients with information about their medical conditions, treatment plans, medications, and post-discharge instructions. This can help nurses quickly access information about medications, including dosages, interactions, and potential side effects and further enhances medication administration safety and accuracy. It can assist nurses in analysing patient data, identifying trends, and providing insights to help nurses make informed decisions. For instance, it could help detect early signs of deterioration in a patient's condition.

This can help nurses with clinical documentation tasks, such as charting and recording patient assessments and interventions. This can reduce the administrative burden on nurses and ensure accurate and timely documentation.In multicultural healthcare settings, AI can aid in translating languages to facilitate communication between nurses and patients who may not share a common language.¹⁶It can provide simulated scenarios and assist in continuing education for practicing nurses.

Chat GPT in nursing Research:

ChatGPT or similar AI models could potentially play several roles in nursing research. ChatGPT can assist nurses and researchers in conducting literature reviews by summarizing relevant research articles, highlighting key findings, and providing an overview of the current state of knowledge in a particular area of nursing research. ChatGPT can assist researchers in finding relevant studies, articles, and resources on specific nursing topics, potentially saving time during the research process.¹³ It can assist in analysing large datasets commonly encountered in nursing research. They can help identify trends, patterns, and correlations in patient data, leading to more informed decisions and insights. It could help in developing surveys and questionnaires for nursing research. ChatGPT could assist in analysing qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, or open-ended survey responses. They might help identify themes, sentiments, and common phrases within the text data. This can aid researchers in drafting research papers, proposals, and presentations. It can be utilized to develop predictive models for patient outcomes, helping nurses and healthcare providers anticipate potential issues and provide proactive care.¹⁵

Ethical issues due to Chat GPT in nursing:

The integration of AI, including models like ChatGPT, into nursing and healthcare contexts can raise several ethical issues. When patient data or health-related information is shared with AI models, there's a risk of data breaches or unauthorized access. Ensuring the security and confidentiality of patient information becomes crucial.AI models are not infallible and can provide inaccurate or misleading information. AI models can inadvertently inherit biases present in the data they are trained on. In healthcare, this could result in biased treatment recommendations, diagnoses, or outcomes, leading to disparities in patient care.¹⁷ Relying too heavily on AI for patient interactions could lead to a sense of depersonalization and reduced patient-provider rapport.¹⁸ Human empathy, understanding, and emotional support are essential aspects of nursing care. Patients should have the autonomy to choose whether they prefer to interact with a human healthcare provider or an AI. They should not feel coerced or forced into accepting AI-generated advice if they are uncomfortable with it.AI models may lack the ability to understand the full context of a patient's situation, emotional state, or unique circumstances, which could lead to inappropriate or inadequate responses.¹⁸

Future of Chat GPT in nursing:

AI models like ChatGPT could be used in nursing education, assisting students in learning complex medical concepts, practicing communication skills, and simulating patient interactions. ChatGPT could evolve to provide more sophisticated clinical decision support, offering healthcare professionals personalized and evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, treatment plans, and interventions.¹⁵ Future versions of AI chatbots could be designed to deliver patient education and engagement strategies tailored to individual patients, enhancing their understanding of their health conditions and treatment plans.ChatGPT could assist nurses and physicians in extracting meaningful insights from unstructured medical records, making it easier to track patient histories and identify relevant information.¹⁸

It might serve as virtual health assistants, providing patients with 24/7 access to information, answering questions, scheduling appointments, and even facilitating medication reminders.ChatGPT could be developed to provide mental health support and counselling, offering a safe and private space for patients to express their concerns and receive appropriate guidance.It could integrate with wearable devices to gather real-time health data, providing patients and healthcare providers with insights into health trends and behaviours.As AI ethics become more important, future versions of ChatGPT could include features that address ethical considerations in nursing, such as privacy protection, bias mitigation, and transparency.¹⁹

CONCLUSION:

The integration of ChatGPT and similar AI models into the field of nursing holds both promise and challenges. While these AI systems have the potential to revolutionize various aspects of nursing practice and research, careful consideration of ethical, practical, and patient-centred factors is essential to ensure their responsible and effective implementation. ChatGPT can provide valuable support but it cannot hands-on clinical experiences, human mentorship, and guidance from qualified educators. The role of nurses involves empathy, critical thinking, emotional support, and personalized care, which AI cannot replicate. The technology should be used to enhance, rather than replace, the role of nurses and other healthcare providers, prioritizing patient safety, privacy, and the overall quality of care.

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Received on 23.08.2023 Modified on 23.11.2023

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2024; 14(1):70-72.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2024.00014