A Study to assess the knowledge regarding Heart attack and its Preventive measures among the workers of selected Industries of Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam
Bandana Devi, Prerana Sarma, Neekita Rana, Minuk Changmi, Chandana Choudhury,
Adoryn Tiara T Sangma, Resma Begum, Tapashree Baruah, Hafijur Rahman, Archita Deka,
Parishmita Bhuyan, Mamoni Sulatana
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Arya Nursing College, Changsari.
*Corresponding Author Email: preranasarma1993@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Heart Attack is one of the most common and deadly cardiovascular diseases across the world. It is an issue which affects a huge part of society and has now became the 3rd leading cause of the death. A descriptive study was conducted on knowledge about Heart Attack and its preventive measures among the industrial workers of Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam, which aim to measure their existing knowledge on Heart Attack and to provide additional knowledge to them. Methods and Materials: Total 60 samples were selected by using non probability convenient technique. Necessary data were collected from the study subject through self semi-structured knowledge questionnaire and Invemtary checklist with prior consent. Result: Study findings revealed that, out of 60 samples, majority 31(52%) of the industrial workers belong to the age group of (18-30) years, majority 37(62%) were males, majority 30(50%) were 10th passed, majority 44(73%) were aware of heart attack, majority 25(41%) of the industrial workers have source of information from relatives and friends, majority 28(47%) have history of other diseases, majority 41(68%) of the industrial workers were non-vegetarian majority 38(63%) of the industrial workers have habit of smoking, and majority 38 (63%) of the industrial workers were not having habit of tobacco consumption.9 samples have adequate knowledge level i.e. (15%), 44 samples have moderate knowledge i.e (73.3%) and 7samples have inadequate knowledge i.e. (12%) regarding heart attack. Then 45 samples have adequate knowledge level i.e. (75%), 8 samples have moderate knowledge i.e (13%) and 7samples have inadequate knowledge i.e. (12%) regarding preventive measures of heart attack. Conclusion: From this study result, it is concluded that workers have some knowledge on Heart Attack but the knowledge need to be upgraded with continuing education.
KEYWORDS: Knowledge, Heart Attack, Preventive Measures, Workers, Industries.
INTRODUCTION:
Heart Attack is also called as Myocardial Infarction, happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood supply. The more time that passed without treatment to restore blood flow, the greater the damage to the heart muscle.1
The American Heart Association, annually reports the most up to date statistics related to heart disease, stress and cardiovascular risk factor including care heart behaviours (smoking, physical activity, diet and weight) which causes death. According to the data from 2021 Heart disease and Stroke Statistics Update Fact Sheet by AHA, Cardiovascular Disease is listed as the underlying cause of death, accounted for 8,68,662 deaths in US in 2017 and has increased to 18.6 million in the year 2019.2
Several factors can put a person at risk for a Heart Attack. Some factors can’t be changed such as age and family history and also some modifiable risk factors that can help in controlling factors such as: smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, lack of exercise, high level of stress, diabetes or pre diabetic, eating a diet high in trans fats and saturated fats, anaemic alcohol consumption.3
While the classic symptoms of a Heart Attack are chest pain and shortness of breath, the symptoms can be quite varied. The most common symptoms of Heart Attack include – pressure or tightness in the chest, back, jaw, and other areas of the upper body that lasts more than a few minute or that goes away and comes back, shortness of breath, nausea vomiting, anxiety. Chest pain is the most commonly reported symptoms among both Women and Men.4 Urgent treatment is needed to fix blood flow and restore oxygen level. Oxygen is given immediately. Medications to treat a Heart Attack might include like Aspirin, Thrombolytic or Fibrinolytics, Nitroglycerin, Morphine, Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors etc.5
Education about healthy living, including healthy eating, increase in physical activity, quitting smoking and managing stress need to aware the population in this present time.
NEED OF THE STUDY:
Since Myocardial Infarction is still one of the main causes of morbidity in the world, some people remain blind on its risk factors because of lack of information. In World: According to WHO, an estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019 representing 32% of all global deaths. CVD accounted for approximately 19.05 million global deaths in 2020. Of these deaths, 85% were due to Heart Attack. Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due to non-communicable diseases in 2019, 38% were caused by CVDs.6 In India: According to Journal of the American College of Cardiology, India has one of the highest burdens of CVD worldwide. The annual number of deaths from CVD in India is projected to rise from 2.26 million (1990) to 4.77 million (2022).7 According to Indian Heart Association, 50% of all Heart Attack in Indians occur under 50 years of age. 25% of all Heart Attack in Indians under 40 years of age. 40% of young people who have suffered Heart Attack have had a history of Tobacco consumption.8 In Assam: According to Assam: Disease burden profile DALYs 1990 to 2016, overall prevalence of death and disability rate in Assam have been reported due to several leading cause factors as follows; 5.6% for stroke, 4.1% for COPD and 4.1% for Ischemic Heart Disease.9
Few relevant literatures which are used for the base of this study are:
Nse A. Odunaiya, Temilade B. Adesanya, Emmanuel C. Okoye, Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju. (2022), conducted a cross sectional survey towards Cardio-vascular disease prevention in Nigeria: A mixed method study of how adolescents and young adults in a university setting perceive Cardio-vascular disease and risk factors. They reported that 39.1% of the participants had high knowledge whilst 61.9% had low and average knowledge of Cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) and it’s risk factors. Of the participants, 78.1% hand a wrong perception of CVD and its risk factors. Adolescents and young adult in the study did not have good knowledge of CVD and its risk factors. They also had a wrong perception about CVD and its risk factors.10
Ahmed AAA, Al- Shami M.A, Jamashed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem H.M, Ibrahim M et al. (2020) conducted cross sectional study on awareness of the risk factors for Heart Attack among the General public in Pahang, Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 393 adult individuals in Kuatan, Pahang, Malaysia. The study reveals that total of 90.6% of participant identified at least one risk factors for Heart Attack, whereas 5.6% identified all modifiable Heart Attack risk factors. Awareness of risk factors for Heart Attack appears to be poor, where most of the respondents recognized only one modifiable risk factors. 11
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
A study to assess the knowledge regarding Heart Attack and its Preventive Measures among the workers of selected industries of Changsari , Kamrup (R), Assam.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the knowledge regarding Heart Attack among the workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup (R) Assam.
2. To assess the knowledge regarding preventive measures of Heart Attack among the workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup (R) Assam.
3. To associate the knowledge on Heart Attack among the workers of industries with selected demographic variables.
4. To prepare information Booklet and providing the same among the workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup (R) Assam.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Research Approach: A Quantitative Research approach was adopted for this study.
Research Design:
Non-Experimental Descriptive Research Design.
Setting of the study:
Samples were selected from 2 randomly selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup(R), Assam, i.e. Royal Group of Industry and Manjushree Technopack l mt.
Sampling Size:
60 industrial workers.
Sampling Technique:
Multistage Sampling Technique was adopted to select samples, where in:
· Simple Random Sampling Technique for selecting the selected industries .
· Purposive and Convenience sampling Technique for selecting those industrial workers of selected industries respectively having minimum educational qualification of 10th pass.
Inclusion criteria:
· Industrial workers who were willing to participate.
· Industrial workers those are having minimum qualification of 10th pass.
Exclusion criteria:
Industrial workers who are absent on the day of data collection.
Tools:
Demographic data, Semi-Structured knowledge questionnaire, Inventary checklist
RESULTS:
Organization of the findings: The obtained data were analyzed, tabulated and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistic. The analysis of data was organized and interpreted under following Sections:
Section A: Findings related to demographic characteristics of samples
This section represents data regarding frequency and percentage distribution of the demographic variables Age, Gender, Educational Qualification, Awareness about heart attack, Sources of information, History of previous illness, Dietary habit, Habit of smoking, Habit of tobacco consumption and Habit of alcohol consumption
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of the demographic variables
|
Demographic Variables |
Frequency (f) |
Percentage (%) |
|
1. Age |
||
|
(18-30) years (31-40) years (41-50) years (51-60) years |
31 23 6 0 |
52% 38% 10% 0% |
|
2. Gender |
||
|
Male Female Others |
37 22 1 |
62% 37% 1% |
|
3. Educational qualification |
||
|
10th pass 12th pass Graduate Post Graduate |
30 18 5 7 |
50% 30% 8% 12% |
|
4. Awareness of heart attack |
||
|
Yes No |
44 16 |
73% 27% |
|
5. Sources of information |
||
|
TV Newspaper Internet Relatives and Friends |
12 2 21 25 |
20% 3% 35% 41% |
|
6. History of any illness |
||
|
Kidney disease Hypertension Any heart problem Any other |
0 9 23 28 |
0% 15% 38% 47% |
|
7. Dietary Habit |
||
|
Vegetarian Non-Vegetarian |
19 41 |
32% 68% |
|
8. Habit of smoking |
||
|
Yes No |
38 22 |
63% 37% |
|
9. Habit of tobacco consumption |
||
|
Yes No |
22 38 |
37% 63% |
|
10. Habit of Alcohol consumption |
||
|
Yes No |
44 16 |
73% 27% |
Section 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge level regarding Heart Attack
Figure 1: Bar graph showing percentage distribution of knowledge level of samples regarding Heart attack
The data presented in the Figure 1 shows that 9 samples have adequate knowledge level i.e (15%), 44 samples have moderate knowledge i.e (73.3%) and 7samples have inadequate knowledge i.e (12%). regarding Heart Attack.
Section 3: Frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge level regarding preventive measures of Heart Attack
Figure 2: Bar graph showing percentage distribution of knowledge level of samples regarding preventive measures of Heart attack.
The data presented in the Figure 2 shows that 45 samples have adequate knowledge level i.e (75%), 8 samples have moderate knowledge i.e (13%) and 7samples have inadequate knowledge i.e (12%) regarding preventive measures of Heart Attack.
Section 4: Association between the knowledge scores of samples with selected demographic variables. Chi Square test was used and here hypothesis were stated as:
H 1- There is a significant association between the knowledge score of heart attack and its preventive measures among industrial workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup(R), Assam with selected demographic variables
H2 – There is no significant association between the knowledge scores of industrial workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam with selected demographic variables.
Table 2: Chi square test value of knowledge scores of industrial workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam with selected demographic variables at 0.05 levels of significance.
|
Sl No.
|
Demographic Variables |
Knowledge Level |
Total |
Chi square test |
df |
Tabulated value |
Result |
||
|
Adequate |
Moderately adequate |
Inadequate |
|||||||
|
1. |
Age: a) 18-30 years b) 31-40years c) 41-50years d) 51-60 years |
2 6 1 0 |
22 18 3 0 |
6 1 1 0 |
30 23 6 0 |
12.08 |
9 |
16.92 |
NS |
|
2. |
Gender: a) Male b) Female c) Others |
6 2 0 |
25 19 1 |
6 1 0 |
37 22 1 |
0.78 |
2 |
5.99 |
NS |
|
3. |
Educational Qualification a) 10th Pass b) 12th Pass c) Graduate d) Post Graduate |
1 1 2 6 |
24 13 3 1 |
6 2 1 0 |
31 16 6 7 |
32.15 |
9 |
16.92 |
S |
|
4. |
Awareness About Heart Attack: A) Yes B) No |
0 0 |
44 9 |
5 2 |
49 11 |
0.05 |
1 |
3.84 |
NS |
|
5. |
Sources of Information a) T.V b) Newspaper c) Internet d) Relatives And Friends |
2 2 4 2 |
7 2 12 21 |
1 1 4 2 |
10 5 20 25 |
11.9 |
9 |
16.92 |
NS |
|
6. |
History of Previous Illness: a) Kidney Disease b) Hypertension c) Any Heart Problems d) Any Other |
1 3 0 5 |
1 8 17 16 |
0 1 4 4 |
2 12 21 25 |
12.08 |
9 |
16.92 |
NS |
|
7. |
Dietary Habit: a) Yes b) No |
5 4 |
15 29 |
6 1 |
26 34 |
0.63 |
1 |
3.84 |
NS |
|
8. |
Habit of Smoking: a) Yes b) No |
1 8 |
15 29 |
2 5 |
18 42 |
1.78 |
1 |
3.84 |
NS |
|
9. |
Habit of Tobacco Consumption: a) Yes b) No |
1 8 |
11 32 |
3 5 |
15 45 |
2.35 |
1 |
3.84 |
NS |
|
10 |
Habit of Alcohol Consumption: a) Yes b) No |
1 8 |
16 28 |
3 4 |
20 40 |
2.35 |
1 |
3.84 |
NS |
S*- Significant at 0.05 level of significance
NS* - Not Significant at 0.05 level of significance
The data presented in the Table 2, shows that except educational qualification there were no other significant association between the knowledge scores of the samples with rest of the demographic variables at 0.05 levels of significance.
DISCUSSION:
The findings were discussed on the basis of objectives of the research study:
1. Findings related to demographic characteristics of selected Industrial workers of Changsari, Kamrup(R), Assam:
· Age: Out of 60 samples, majority 31(52%) of the industrial workers belong to the age group of (18-30)years, 23 (38% ) belongs to age group of (31-40)years, 6(10%) belongs to the age group of (41-50)years and none of the samples belongs to age group of (51-60 )years.
· Gender: Out of 60 samples, that majority 37 (62%) of industrial workers among the selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup(R), Assam were males, 22(37% ) were females and the rest 1 (1%) wasothers.
· Educational Qualification: Out of 60 samples, that majority 30(50%) of the industrial workers belongs to the educational qualification of 10th passed, 18(30%) workers belongs to 12th passed, 5(8%) workers belongs to graduated and 7(12%) workers belong to post graduated.
· Awareness about Heart Attack: Out of 60 samples, that majority 44(73%) of the industrial workers were aware of heart attack and rest of the workers 16(27%) were unaware of heart attack.
· Sources of information:Out of 60 samples, that majority 25(41%) of the industrial workers sources of information is from relatives and friends, 21(35%) workers got information from internet, 2(3%) workers got from newspaper and 12(20%) workers got information on TV.
· Previous history of previous illness: Out of 60 samples, that majority 28(47%) of the industrial workers is having history of other diseases, 23(38%) workers having history any heart diseases, 9(15%) workers having history of hypertension and none of the workers are having history of kidney diseases.
· Dietary Habit: out of 60 samples, that majority 41(68%) of the industrial workers were non-vegetarian and 19(32%) workers were vegetarian.
· Habit of smoking: out of 60 samples, that majority (38)63% of the industrial workers having habit of smoking and 22(37%) workers were non smokers.
· Habit of Tobacco Consumption: Out of 60 samples, that majority 38(63%) of the industrial workers were not having habit of tobacco consumption and rest 22(37%) workers were having habit of tobacco consumption.
· Habit of Alcohol consumption : Out of 60 samples, the majority 44(73%) of the industrial workers is having habit of alcohol consumption and the rest 16(27%) workers were not having habit of alcohol consumption.
2. Findings related to knowledge of selected Industrial workers of Changsari, Kamrup(R), Assam regarding heart attack:
The knowledge score of the present study out of 60 samples, shows that 9 samples have adequate knowledge level i.e (0.25%), 44 samples have moderate knowledge i.e (2.56%) and 7 samples have inadequate knowledge i.e (0.40%).
3. Findings related to knowledge of samples regarding preventive measures of heart attack:
The knowledge score of the present study out of 60 samples, shows that the 45 samples have adequate knowledge level i.e (4.65%), 8 samples have moderate knowledge i.e (0.82%) and 7samples have inadequate knowledge i.e (0.72%).
4. Findings related to association between the knowledge scores of samples with selected demographic variables:
In the association, it shows that except educational qualification there were no other significant association between the knowledge scores of industrial workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup(R) , Assam with rest of the demographic variables at 0.05 levels of significance.
RECOMMENDATION:
The present study recommends the following :
· A descriptive study can be done to evaluate the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding heart attack and its preventive measures.
· A study can be conducted in various industries of Assam.
· A similar study can be conducted in other setting using more samples.
CONCLUSION:
The study had been conducted to assess the knowledge regarding Heart Attack and its preventive measure among the workers of selected industries of Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam. Therefore from the findings of the present study it is concluded that there is a need of continuing education programme for the workers to improve and aware about Heart Attack and to educate them to take preventive measures not only to reduce the risk of Heart Attack but also to optimise the function of Heart.
REFERENCES:
1. Centers for disease control and prevention [online] 2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/heartdiseaseheartattack
2. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 update [online] 2021. Available from: https://professional.heart.org/en
3. Assam disease Burden profile time [online] 2020 March. Available from: https://www.heartdata.org/sites/default/filesassamDiseaseBrdenprofile%58%50
4. Cardiovascular disease I n the developing world [online], 2007 [cited on 2018 July27]. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/101161
5. Centers for disease control and prevention [online] 2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/heartdiseaseheartattack
6. Cardiovascular diseases who [online] 2021 June. Available from: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/cardiovasculardissease
7. Mark D Huffman. Dorairaj Prabhakaran. Harshpal S. sachdev incidence of of cardiovascular risk factors in an Indian urban cohort JOACOL [online] 2011 April, [cited in 2011] 57 (17): p-1765-1774. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3408699
8. Indian Heart Association [online] 2019. Available from: https://www.indianheartassociation.org
9. Assam disease Burden profile time [online] 2020 March. Available from: https://www.heartdata.org/sites/default/filesassamDiseaseBrdenprofile%58%50
10. Nse A. Odunaiya, Temilade B. Adesanya, Emmanuel C. Okoye, Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju. Towards cardiovascular disease prevention in Nigeria: Amixed method study of how adolescents and young adults in a university setting perceive cardiovascular disease and risk factor.AJPHCFM[Online].2021Apr[cited by 2019 jul 8];13(1):2200 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33881332/
11. Ahmed A.A.A, Al- Shami M.A, Jamshed S,Zawiah M, Elnaem H.M, Ibrahim M et al. Awareness of the rics factors for heart attack among the general public in Pahang, Malaysia:A cross sectional study.RMHP[Online].2020 Dec[cited by 9];13:3089-3102 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7767710/
Received on 24.05.2023 Modified on 28.10.2023
Accepted on 11.01.2024 ©AandV Publications All right reserved
Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2024; 14(1):25-30.
DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2024.00005