A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Teaching on Knowledge regarding First Aid and Safety Measures among School Children

Ragini K.S, Chaitra BC, Dr Laishram Dabashini Devi, Roopa B M, Veena. M

Principal, Global College of Nursing, Bangalore.

*Corresponding Author Email:

ABSTRACT:

Children are the future of every country and all societies strive to ensure their health and safety. Most of the accidents occur among the children during the age group of 5 to14, when they spend most of their time in the school campus. First aid is applied to injured or ill persons in any health threatening settings in order to save life, prevent degradation of the situation or contribute to a treatment process before professional medical care is available. This refers to assessments and interventions that can be performed by a bystander (or by the victim) with minimal or no medical equipment. Objectives were To assess the knowledge of School children regarding First aid and safety measures before and after the administration of computer assisted teaching, evaluate the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching by comparing pretest and posttest knowledge scores of School children. To identify the association between selected socio demographic variables and pretest knowledge scores. For this study methodology adopted for Assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching on knowledge regarding first aid and safety measures among schoolchildren in selected schools in Ramanagaram, design adopted wad quantitative research design. The independent variable was computer assisted teaching regarding first aid and safety measures among school children in universal public school at Ramanagaram. The study was conducted in universal public school at Ramanagaram. They were 80 school children. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect sample. The tool used for data collection was a structured knowledge questionnaire. The frequency and percentage distribution of study subjects according to their age groups in years. Out of 80 children 41(51.25%) of the children were in the age group of 12 year, 28 (35.0%) were in the age group of 11 years and 11 (13.75%) were in the age group of 13. according to their Sex. 43 (53.75%) of the children were in Female, 37 (46.25%) were in Male, Based on Religion 46(57.5%) of the children were in Hindu, 20 (25.0%) were in Muslim, 10(12.5%) were in Christian and 04(5%) were in others. subjects according to their Type of family. 61(76.25%) of the children were in the Nuclear family, 19 (23.75%) were in Joint family, based on their Area of living. 26(32.5%) of the children were in Rural area and 54(67.5%) were inUrban area, Income of the family 26(32.5%) of the children were belongs to15001-20000,21(26.25%) were belongs to above 25000, 18(22.5%) were belongs to 10001 -15000 and15(18.75%) were belongs to 5000 to 10000, Education of the Father. 24(30%) of the fathers were in high school, 21(26.25%) were in Graduation and above, 19(23.75%) were Primary school and 16(20%) were in Illiterate, base on Education of the Mothers.26(32.5%) of the Mothers were in high school, 21(26.25%) were in Primary school,19(23.75%) were Illiterate and 14(17.5%) were in Graduation, according to their Medium of education 59(73.75%) of the were English medium, 21(26.25%) were in Kannada medium and Source of information. Out of 80 children 30(37.5%) of the children were from school, 21(26.25%) were from health professionals, 17(21.25%) were from television/mass media and 12(15%) were from internet. The pre-test level of knowledge on first aid and safety measures among schoolchildren, In 80 samples majority of them had poor Knowledge regarding first aid and safety measures and in post-test level of knowledge majority of 54(67.5%) of children had good knowledge regarding first aid and safety measures among children. The comparison of overall knowledge score between pre- test and post-test. On an average, in pre-test, children mean having 16.31 score and in post- test, children mean having 31.05 score. Difference is 14.73 score. The difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score is large and it is statistically significant. It means in post-test theyare able to answer 15 questions more than pre-test. Differences between pre-test and post-test score were analyzed using paired t-test. The effectiveness of the computer assisted teaching. Considering the overall aspects, children are gained 36.8 percent more knowledge after the administration of computer assisted teaching. This 36.8 percent of knowledge gained by effectiveness of computer assisted teaching. The students are gained knowledge through computer assisted teaching not by chance, so here the null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted. The obtained χ2 value is greater than the table value at 0.05 levels of significance. Therefore there is significant association between Sex, Education of the mother and sources of information on first aid safety measures with the pre test knowledge scores. The above table shows that the obtained χ2 value is less than the table value at0.05 levels of significance. Therefore there is no significant association between selected demographic variables such as Age, Religion, Type of family, Area of living, income, Education of the father, and Medium of education with the pre test knowledge scores. The present study attempted to assess the computer assisted teaching on First aid and safety measures among school children and concluded that there was a significant improvement in the knowledge after computer assisted teaching. Thus computer assisted teaching is effective in improving the knowledge of school children.

KEYWORDS: First aid and safety measures, school children, computer assisted Teaching.

INTRODUCTION:

School-aged children (7 to 16 years age-group) spend about 30% of their time in schools in many countries. In these settings, they are at a greater risk of injuries and medical emergencies due to the higher level of involvement in sports and extracurricular activities. According to the Centre for Disease Control Prevention, sports and recreation-related injuries are reported for more than 2.6 million schoolchildren world-wide annually¹. School life is an important part of children’s life, which has a direct impact on their physical and mental health. Health promotion and prevention are the most neglected part in both policy and practice. Schools can play a significant role in health promotion due to two major reasons; first, the schools offer structured opportunities for learning and second, pupils spend significant amount of their time in schools during which they are involved in a variety of activities including sports and physical exercise.²In developing countries, school health services are often neglected1 this directly influences the management of common illnesses such as first-aid care or referral 2. First Aid is one of the important safety measures to be given prominence in each and every school. It is known that school premise is one of the most common locations which urge first aid services.³ Wafik (2013) found that mental and physical abilities ofchildren are not developed enough to allow them to protect and defend themselves; they sustain accidents and injuries more frequently, and require first aid more often than adults (Cavusoglu, 2002). First aid should be compulsory in all schools (Baser et. al. 20017)⁴.

METHODOLOGY:

The research methodology refers to the principles and ideas on which researches base their procedures and strategies. 74 Methodology is the most important part of any research study which enables the research to form the blue print for the study undertaken. Research methodology involves the systematic proceeding by which the researcher starts from the time of initial identification of the problem to its final conduction. Methodology of this study gives a description of research approach, research design, setting, population, sample and sampling size, sampling, data collection procedure and plan for data analysis. Present study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching regarding knowledge first aid and safety measures in terms of again knowledge scores. In this study a quantitative research approach was found to be suitable to assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching regarding knowledge first aid and safety measures. The study is aimed at effectiveness of computer assisted teaching regarding knowledge first aid and safety measures among children at selected school. Ramanagaram. Bandihatti Village. In this study the one group pretest-post-test design. The researcher design is comparison of variation before and after the planned teaching intervention. For the present study the setting was Universal public school, Ramanagaram, Karnataka. In this study the sample consists of 80 school children from Universal public-school, at Ramanagaram. In the present study the sample size was 80. For selection of the sample the non-probability simple random sampling technique was used.

RESULTS:

The table no. 1 represents the frequency and percentage distribution of study subjects according to their age groups in years. Out of 80 children 41(51.25%) of the children were in the age group of 12 year, 28(35.0%) were in the age group of 11 years and 11(13.75%) were in the age group of 13.

Table 1: Distribution of frequency and percentage according to demographical variable

Sl. No	Variables	Frequency	Percentage (%)
1.	Age in years
	a) 11 years	28	35.00
	b) 12 years	41	51.25
	c) 13 years	11	13.75
2.	Sex
	a) Female	43	53.75
	b) Male	37	46.25
3.	Religion
	a) Hindu	46	57.5
	b) Muslim	20	25
	c) Christian	10	12.5
	d) Others	`04	5
4.	Type of family
	a) Nuclear	61	76.25
	b) Joint	19	23.75
5.	Area of living
	a) Rural	26	32.5
	b) Urban	54	67.5
6.	Income of the family
	a) 5000-10000	15	18.75
	b)10001-15000	18	22.5
	c) 15001-20000	26	32.5
	d) Above -25000	21	26.25
7.	Education of the Father
	a) Illiterate	16	20
	b) Primary school	19	23.75
	c) High school	24	30
	d) Graduation and above	`21	26.25
7.	Education of the Father
	a) Illiterate	16	20
	b) Primary school	19	23.75
	c) High school	24	30
	d) Graduation and above	`21	26.25
9.	Medium of education
	a) Kannada	21	26.25
	b) English	59	73.75
10	Source of information
	a) From school	30	37.5
	b) Health professionals	21	26.25
	c) Television/mass media	17	21.25
	d) Internet	12	15

The above table represents the frequency and percentage distribution of study subjects according to their Sex. Out of 80 children 43(53.75%) of the children were in Female, 37(46.25%) were in Male. Out of 80 children 46(57.5%) of the children were in Hindu, 20(25.0%) were in Muslim, 10(12.5%) were in Christian and 04 (5%) were in others. Out of 80 children 61(76.25%) of the children were in the Nuclear family, 19 (23.75%) were in Joint family. 26(32.5%) of the children were in Rural area and 54(67.5%) were in Urban area. 26(32.5%) of the children were belongs to15001-20000, 21(26.25%) were belongs to above 25000, 18(22.5%) were belongs to 10001-15000 and 15(18.75%) were belongs to 5000 to 10000. Out of 80 children Fathers 24(30%) of the fathers were in high school, 21(26.25%) were in Graduation and above, 19(23.75%) were Primary school and 16(20%) were in Illiterate. Mothers 26(32.5%) of the Mothers were in high school, 21(26.25%) were in Primary school, 19(23.75%) were Illiterate and 14(17.5%) were in Graduation. 59(73.75%) of the were English medium, 21(26.25%) were in Kannada medium. 30(37.5%) of the children were from school, 21(26.25%) were from health professionals, 17(21.25%) were from television/mass media and 12(15%) were from internet.

Table 2: Percentage distribution of pre-test knowledge scores knowledge regarding first aid and safety measures among school children

S. No	Level of Knowledge	Frequency	Percentage
1	Very Poor	18	22.5
2	Poor	42	52.5
3	Moderate	20	25
4	Good	0	0.0
	Total	80	100.0

The above table shows the pre-test level of knowledge on first aid and safety measures among school children. In general 18(22.5%) of children are having very poor knowledge, 42(52.5%) of the having poor knowledge, 20(25%) of them are having moderate knowledge and none of them having good knowledge.

Table 3: Percentage distribution of post-test knowledge scores

S. No	Level of Knowledge	Frequency	Percentage
1	Very Poor	0	0.0
2	Poor	0	0.0
3	Moderate	26	32.5
4	Good	54	67.5
	Total	80	100.0

The above table shows the post-test level of knowledge on first aid and safety measures among children. In general 26(32.5%) of children are having moderate level of knowledge, 54(67.5%) of them having good level of knowledge, none of them are having very poor/poor level of knowledge.In 80 samples majority of 54(67.5%) of children had good knowledge regarding first aid and safety measures among children.

Table 4: Comparison of overall knowledge scores regarding first aid and safety measures among children between pre-test and post-test

Sl No

Test

No. of

children

Mean

Statistical paired

t-test

Pre-test

16.31

6.61

t=32.10

P=0.001***

significant

Post-test

31.05

4.93

*Significant at P≤0.05** Highly significant at P≤0.01*** Very high significant at P≤0.001

The table no. 5 shows that the obtained χ2 value is greater than the table value at 0.05 levels of significance. Therefore there is significant association between Sex, Education of the mother and sources of information on first aid safety measures with the pre test knowledge scores.

Table 5: Association between the levels of knowledge of the school children regarding first and safety measures with selected demographic variables.

SL No.	Variables	Responses	Overall knowledge score		Chi square	DF	Inference P. value 0.05
SL No.	Variables	Responses	Below Median	Above Median	Chi square	DF	Inference P. value 0.05
1	Age in years
		a) 11 years	14	12	2.623	2	0.269 NS
		b)12 years	20	24
		c) 13 years	6	4
2	Sex
		a) Male	23	20	4.286	1	0.038 S
		b) Female	20	17	4.286	1	0.038 S
3	Religion
		a) Hindu	24	20	1.333	2	0.513 NS
		b) Muslim	8	10
		c) Christian	6	4
		d) Other	2	2
4	Types of family
		a) Nuclear	30	32	0	1	1.000 NS
		b) Joint	10	8	0	1	1.000 NS
5	Area of living
		a) Rural	14	16
		b) Urban	30	20
6	Income
		a) 5000 -10000	7	8	5.667	4	0.225 NS
		b) 10001 - 15000	9	10
		c) 15001 -20000	13	12
		d) Above 25000	11	10
7	Education of Father
	a)	a) Illiterate	10	6	8.154	4	0.086 NS
	b)	b) Primary school	8	12
	c)	c) High school	14	16
	d)	d) Graduation & above	3	11
8	Education of Mother
		a) Illiterate	8	10	10.425	4	0.034 S
		b) Primary school	11	9
		c) High school	12	14
		d) Graduation & above	10	6
9	Medium of Education
		a) Kannada	11	10	2.623	2	0.269 NS
		b) English	38	21	2.623	2	0.269 NS
10	Source of information
		a) From school	12	14	10.933	3	0.012 S
		b) Health professionals	11	11
		c) TV/Mail/ Media	14	8
		d) Internet	6	4