INTRODUCTION:

It is a time proven fact that all the living organisms on this earth fight for survivaland existence. What then makes the man to risk his own life? The tragedy of self-inflicted death has always attracted the attention of the medical as well as the legal fraternity. People who have committed suicide or have been thinking about committing suicide probably feel overwhelmed by their problems. They might not be able to handle that kind of pressure and feel that death would be the only way to escape from it.¹Bhagavath Geetha is against self torture and self killing. Islam asks men and women to wait for his or her destruction, rather than snatching it from the hands of God. Early Christians took recourse to suicide persecuted for their faith. Suicide is the paradoxical phenomenon which has been occurring throughout the human history since the dawn of civilization. The word “suicide” was first used by Sir Thomas Brown in 1642 in his “Religio Medici” has evoked a variety of reactions in public minds. But this word originated from Latin word “Sui” means one self and “Cudium” meaning the act of intentionally destroying one‟s own life.²Suicidal behaviour is thus defined as “a preoccupation or act that is focused on causing one‟s own death voluntarily. Suicidal behaviour is usually divided into categories of suicidal ideation, suicide threats, suicide gesture, suicidal attempts, and completed suicide.³ Suicide risk factors vary with age, gender, and cultural and social influences and may change over time. Risk factors for suicide frequently occur in combination with each other. Suicide awareness or prevention programmes can be delivered in a variety of settings such as schools, colleges, churches, or in the community as a whole.⁴

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior among the adolescents.

2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviour among adolescents.

3. To associate the pre-test knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviour among adolescents with their selected demographic variables.

METHODOLOGY:

The research design used for this study is quasi experimental one group pre test post test design. The study was conducted in AVK College at Bangalore, which is 12 km away from the Brite College of Nursing, Bangalore. 200 students were studying this college. The population selected for the study comprised of all adolescent who are studying in AVK College at Bangalore, and accessible population consists of adolescent from AVK College, Bangalore, who met the inclusion criteria. In this study samples are 60 adolescent who are studying in AVK colleges at Bangalore those who are fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Sampling technique adopted for this study was Non probability purposive sampling technique is used for the study to select 60 adolescent at selected colleges at Bangalore.A total number of 60 adolescent who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. The investigator assured that the information given by them will be kept confidential and consent was obtained from adolescent. Keeping in mind the ethical aspect of research, data was collected after obtaining informed consent from the subjects. The respondents were assured the anonymity and confidentiality of the information provided by them. The pretest was conducted on 23.05.2023. In pre test the investigator collected the data’s about demographic variables, knowledge on risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviour. The structured teaching programme on risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior conditions was conducted with the help of power point presentation on the same day approximately for 45 minutes to 1 hour. During that the doubts were clarified by investigator. Post test was conducted on 30.05.2023 after structured teaching programme by using the same knowledge questionnaire to find out the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviour. Data’s were screened on the same day for any omission.

RESULTS:

Table 1: Description of baseline Characteristics by Using Frequency and Percentage Distribution. N=60

Sl no	Variables	Frequency	Percentage
1.	Age in years.
	a) 10 to 13	18	30
	b) 14 to 16	28	46.66
	c) 17 to 20	14	23.33
2	Sex
	a) Female	24	40
	b) Male	36	60
3	Type of family
	a) Nuclear	23	38.33
	b) Joint	37	61.66
4	Education of mother
	a) Illiterate	10	16.66
	b) PUC	15	25
	c) Degree	18	30
	d) Master degree	17	28.33
5	Occupation of father
	a) Daily wages	14	23.33
	b) Business	12	20
	c) Private job	31	51.66
	d) Government job	3	5
6	Family monthly income
	a) < 5000	22	36.66
	b) 50001 to 10.000	18	30
	c) 10001 to 20000	16	26.66
	d) > 25000	4	6.66
7	Has any family member/ friend attempted or committed suicide
	a) Yes	14	23.33
	b) No	46	76.66
8	History of mental illness in your family
	a) Yes	11	18.33
	b) No	49	81.66
9	Source of information
	a) Mass media	11	18.33
	b) Friends and relatives	20	33.33
	c) electronic media	22	36.66
	d) Health personnel	7	11.66

The result indicate that out of 60 samples, majority of adolescents 28(46.66%) adolescents were belongs to the age group 14 to 16 years, 18(30%) belongs to age group 10- 13years and 14(23.33%) were belongs to the 10 to 13 years.Based on the sex majority of samples 36 (60%) adolescents were male and 24(40%) were belongs to female.Based on the type of family majority of samples 37( 61.66%) were joint family and 23( 38.33%) were belongs to nuclear family.Based on the education mother majority of samples 18 (30%) adolescents mothers were studied degree, 17(28.33%) were studied master degree, 15(25%) were studied PUC and 10(16.66%) were illiterate.Based on the Occupation of father majority of samples 31(51.66%) adolescents fathers were doing private job, 14(23.33%) were daily wages, 12(20%) were business and 3(5%) were government job. Based on the family monthly income majority of samples 22(36.66%) adolescents were belongs to < 5000, 18(30%) were 50001 to 10001, 16(26.66%) were10001 to 20000 and 4(6.66%) were > 25000.Based on the Has any family member/ friend attempted or committed suicide majority of samples 46(76.66%) adolescents family, friends were not committed suicide and 14(23.33%) were adolescents family and friends tried for suicidal attempts.Based on the history of mental illness in your family majority of samples 49(81.66%) adolescents family does not have history of mental illness in the family and 11(18.33%) were having history of mental illness in their family.Based on the source of information majority of samples 22(36.66%) adolescents were get information from electronic media, 20(33.33%) were from friends and relatives , 11( 18.33%) were from mass media and 7(11.66%) were from health personal

Table 2: Determination of the Pre-test level of knowledge

Sl No	Level of knowledge	Frequency	Percentage
1	Inadequate knowledge	14	23.33
2	Moderately adequate knowledge	46	76.66
3	Adequate knowledge	00	00

Data presented in table 2 shows distribution of pre test score of adolescents 46 (76.66%) adolescents had moderately adequate knowledge, 14(23.33%) had inadequate knowledge and non of adolescents had adequate knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior.

Table 3: Determination of the Post-test level of knowledge.

Sl No	Level of knowledge	Frequency	Percentage
1	Adequate knowledge	42	70
2	Moderately adequate knowledge	18	30
3	Inadequate knowledge	0	00

Data presented in table 3 shows distribution of post test score of adolescents 42 (70%) adolescents had adequate knowledge, 18(30%) had moderately inadequate knowledge and non of adolescents had inadequate knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior.

Table 4: Comparison of Pre and Post test knowledge scores regarding risk factors and prevention of Suicidal behavior among adolescents

Sl no	Level of knowledge	Pre test		Post test
Sl no	Level of knowledge	n	%	n	%
1	Inadequate knowledge	14	23.33	42	70
2	Moderately adequate knowledge	46	76.66	18	30
3	Adequate knowledge	0	00	0	00

Table 4 shows that Distribution of level of knowledge before and after administration of structured teaching programme among adolescent about selected risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior. The distribution of pre test score of adolescent 46 (76.66%) adolescents had moderately adequate knowledge, 14(23.33%) had inadequate knowledge and none of adolescents had adequate knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior.The post test score of adolescent 42 (70%) adolescents had adequate knowledge, 18(30%) had moderately inadequate knowledge and non of adolescents had inadequate knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior.

Table 5: Mean percentage difference of Pre-test and Post – test

Sl no

Observation

Maxi. score

Mean

Mean %

Difference in Mean %

Pre test

13.41

2.64

55.87

17.38

Post test

17.58

3.08

73.25

Table 6: Association of Pre-test knowledge score of Adolescents with baseline variables.

Sl n o	Variables	Frequency	Percentage	Pre test Level of knowledge		Chi square
Sl n o	Variables	Frequency	Percentage	≤ 14	> 14	Chi square
1	Age in years.					χ2 =3.43, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
	a) 10 to 13	18	30	8	11
	b) 14 to 16	28	46.66	10	11
	c) 17 to 20	14	23.33	12	8
2	Sex
	a) Female	24	40	18	6	χ2 =0.88 6, df=1, p ≥0.05 S
	b) Male	36	60	20	16	χ2 =0.88 6, df=1, p ≥0.05 S
3	Type of family
	a) Nuclear	23	38.33	16	7	χ2 =0.62, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
	b) Joint	37	61.66	22	15	χ2 =0.62, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
4	Education of mother
	a) Illiterate	10	16.66	7	8	χ2 =0.3, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS
	b) PUC	15	25	9	6
	c) Degree	18	30	8	11
	d) Master degree	17	28.33	5	5
5	Occupation of father
	a) Daily wages	14	23.33	3	12	χ2 =0.7, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
	b) Business	12	20	8	9
	c) Private job	31	51.66	6	5
	d) Govt job	3	5	10	7
6	Family monthly income
	a) < 5000	22	36.66	7	11	χ2 =10.69, df=3, p ≤0.05, S
	b) 5000 to 10000	18	30	4	9
	c) 10001 to 20000	16	26.66	14	6
	d) > 25000	4	6.66	2	7
7	Has any family member/ friend attempted or committed suicide
	a) Yes	14	23.33	3	1	χ2 =0.003, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
	b) No	46	76.66	35	21	χ2 =0.003, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
8	History of mental illness in your family
	a) Yes	11	18.33	5	3	χ2 =0.19, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
	b) No	49	81.66	33	19	χ2 =0.19, df=1, p ≥0.05 NS.
9	Source of information
	a) Mass media	11	18.33	12	10	χ2 =2.15, df=3, p ≥0.05 NS.
	b) Friends and relatives	20	33.33	21	10
	c) electronic media	22	36.66	3	0
	d) Health personnel	7	11.66	2	2