A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Interventional Package on Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among women

Simi A, Laishram Dabashini Devi

Global College of Nursing, Bangalore.

*Corresponding Author Email:

ABSTRACT:

This study was conducted with the aim to assess the effectiveness of interventional package on birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in selected PHC.The objectives were to assess the level of knowledge regarding birth preparedness and complication readiness, develop and administer interventional package regarding birth preparedness and complication readiness, effectiveness of interventional package on birth preparedness and complication readiness and to find the association with the knowledge scores and selected demographic variables. The research design for this study is one group pre-test and post-test research design. The study was conducted in selected PHC, Bengaluru. All the antenatal mothers in selected PHC, Bengaluru. Antenatal mothers who fulfill inclusion criteria are considered as sample. The sample size is 60 antenatal mothers. Sampling technique adopted was Purposive/convenience sampling technique. Pregnant women who are available at the time of data collection in selected PHC.The findings indicates that The above table regarding post test knowledge shows that the knowledge level had improved from moderate to adequate level i.e (83.3%). The above table regarding post test knowledge shows that the knowledge level had improved from moderate to adequate level i.e (83.3%). The above tables revealed that there is a significant association in the category of religion, family type, area of residence and family income/month with selected demographic variables. The above tables revealed that there is a significant association in the category of gestation age of pregnancy and number of antenatal visits during pregnancy whereas in the category of first ANC registration, previous knowledge and source of information were found to be not significant with selected demographic variables. Hence the study concluded that birth preparedness and is needed to be provided as an awareness program so that the complication regarding any pregnancy problems can be readiness prepared and avoid the complication among the pregnant mothers.

KEYWORDS: Birth Preparedness, Complication Readiness.

INTRODUCTION:

Pregnancy is a unique, exciting and often blissful period in a woman’s life. During pregnancy a woman undergoes various physiological changes which may lead to complications at any stage of pregnancy. Unexpected, and often life-threatening, events might occur at any stage of pregnancy, during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods.¹ The timely use of skilled maternal and neonatal care, during pregnancy and childbirth will reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.² Labor is one of the greatest events in every woman’s life. It is the fulfillment of their dreams during labor, the mother needs lot of help for the realization and acceptance of labor as a normal physiological phenomenon. She needs to develop a healthy attitude towards pregnancy. So that, she might have a safe and emotionally satisfying experience of labor and a rapid recovery can occur mentally and physically in the puerperium. Realization of this need by the obstetricians led to the development of psychometric method of preparation for labour².India faces several challenges in meeting the needs of pregnant women, particularly for complications of pregnancy and obstetric emergencies. Pregnancy related services are underused as pregnancy is regarded as being a ‘natural’ phenomenon.

Practices undermining the important of increased diet during pregnancy and breast-feeding practices are rampant. Anemia is the second largest cause of maternal deaths (19 percent) and more than 50 percent of women are anemic with 17 percent moderately or severely. This could be prevented if timely care and information and intervention reaches to the population in need. Statistics available during 2006, suggests that over 60% of all deliveries are still conducted at home, without a skilled birth attendant. 763.6% report pregnancy related complication, during childbirth it is 37% and 44.4% during the postnatal period.³

Research Methodology:

The research design for this study is one group pre-test and post-test research design. The study was conducted in selected PHC, Bengaluru. All the antenatal mothers in selected PHC, Bengaluru. Antenatal mothers who fulfill inclusion criteria are considered as sample. The sample size is 60 antenatal mothers. Sampling technique adopted was Purposive/convenience sampling technique. Pregnant women who are available at the time of data collection in selected PHC. The data for this study will be collected by a structured questionnaire schedule on birth preparedness and its complication among antenatal mothers whose contents was validated by experts and will be pre-tested and standardized through pilot study. Structured knowledge questionnaire schedule, it has two parts. In this it refers to age, religion, education, occupation, type of family, monthly income and source of information regarding birth preparedness, No. of pregnancy and questions regarding birth preparedness and its complication readiness of antenatal mothers.

RESULTS:

The table-1 indicates that most of the respondents were between the age group of 27-31 yrs, 20 was illiterate and most of them were housewife.

Table–1: Classification of Respondents by Personal Characteristics

N=60

Characteristics	Category	Respondents
Characteristics	Category	Number	Percent
Age group	18-21	7	11.7
	22-26	13	21.6
	27-31	33	55.0
	32-34	7	11.7
Educational level	Illiterate	20	33.3
	Primary	7	11.7
	High school	7	11.7
	Intermediate	16	26.6
	Graduate	10	16.7
Occupational status	House wife	47	78.3
Occupational status	Coolie worker	13	21.7
Total		60	100.0

Table – 2: Classification of Respondents by Family Characteristics N=60

Characteristics	Category	Respondents
Characteristics	Category	Number	Percent
Religion	Hindu	60	100.0
Religion	Christian	0	0.0
Family type	Nuclear	37	61.7
Family type	Joint	23	38.3
Area of Residence	Rural	53	88.3
Area of Residence	Urban	7	11.7
Family Income/month	Rs.10,000-20,000	33	55.0
Family Income/month	Rs.20,001-30,000	27	45.0
Total		60	100.0

The above table-2 shows that most of them were hindu (100%), they belong to nuclear family (61.7%), and belong to rural areas and incomes were between 20,001-30000.

Table – 3: Classification of Respondents by Clinical Profile N=60

Characteristics	Category	Respondents
Characteristics	Category	Number	Percent
Gestational age of pregnancy (months)	0-3	13	21.7
	4-6	21	35.0
	7-9	26	43.3
First ANC Registration	First Trimester	47	78.3
	Second Trimester	6	10.0
	Third Trimester	7	11.7
No. of Antenatal visits during Pregnancy	One	13	21.7
	Two	21	35.0
	Three and above	26	43.3
Previous knowledge	Yes	40	66.7
Previous knowledge	No	20	33.3
Source of Information	Health workers	40	66.7
Source of Information	No	20	33.3
Total		60	100.0

The above table-3 revealed that most of the respondents were in 7-9 months gestation, registered only for first trimester, and had come for almost 3 times visit and (66.7%) had some knowledge got from health workers (66.7%)

Table – 4: Classification of Respondent Pre test Knowledge level on Birth preparedness and Complication readiness

Knowledge Level	Category	Respondents
Knowledge Level	Category	Number	Percent
Inadequate	≤ 50 % Score	27	45.0
Moderate	51-75 % Score	33	55.0
Adequate	> 75 % Score	0	0.0
Total		60	100.0

Table -5: Aspect wise Pre test Mean Knowledge scores on Birth preparedness and Complication readiness N=60

S. No.	Knowledge Aspects	Statements	Max. Score	Knowledge Scores
S. No.	Knowledge Aspects	Statements	Max. Score	Mean	SD	Mean (%)	SD (%)
I	General concept	3	3	1.58	1.01	52.8	33.8
II	Antenatal care and advices	6	6	3.12	1.29	51.9	21.5
III	National protocol	5	5	2.33	0.73	46.7	14.6
IV	Target behaviors	6	6	3.27	0.94	54.4	15.6
V	Benefits	6	6	3.47	1.28	57.8	21.4
VI	Component of birth preparedness	9	9	4.37	1.89	48.5	21.0
VII	Danger signs and symptoms	5	5	2.63	0.82	52.7	16.5
	Combined	40	40	20.77	3.55	51.9	8.9

Table -7: Aspect wise Post test Mean Knowledge scores on Birth preparedness and Complication readiness N=60

S. No.	Knowledge Aspects	Statements	Max. Score	Knowledge Scores
S. No.	Knowledge Aspects	Statements	Max. Score	Mean	SD	Mean (%)	SD (%)
I	General concept	3	3	2.65	0.52	88.3	17.2
II	Antenatal care and advices	6	6	5.47	0.83	91.1	13.9
III	National protocol	5	5	4.77	0.43	95.3	8.5
IV	Target behaviors	6	6	5.18	0.81	86.4	13.5
V	Benefits	6	6	5.40	0.92	90.0	15.4
VI	Component of birth preparedness	9	9	7.53	1.16	83.7	12.9
VII	Danger signs and symptoms	5	5	3.83	0.89	76.7	17.7
	Combined	40	40	34.83	2.96	87.1	7.4

Table – 8: Association between Demographic variables and Pre test Knowledge level on Birth preparedness and Complication readiness n=60

Demographic Variables	Category	Sample	Knowledge Level				χ ²Value	P Value
			Inadequate		Moderate
			N	%	N	%
Age group	18-21	7	4	57.1	3	42.9	11.92*	P<0.05 (7.815)
	22-26	13	10	76.9	3	23.1
	27-31	33	13	39.4	20	60.6
	32-34	7	0	0.0	7	100.0
Educational level	Illiterate	20	11	55.0	9	45.0	16.36*	P<0.05 (9.488)
	Primary	7	7	100.0	0	0.0
	High school	7	0	0.0	7	100.0
	Intermediate	16	6	37.5	10	62.5
	Graduate	10	3	30.0	7	70.0
Occupational status	House wife	47	16	34.0	31	66.0	10.52*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Occupational status	Coolie worker	13	11	84.6	2	15.4	10.52*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Combined		60	27	45.0	33	55.0

* Significant at 5% Level; NS: Non-significant

Table – 9: Association between Demographic variables and Pre test Knowledge level on Birth preparedness and Complication readiness n=60

Demographic Variables	Category	Sample	Knowledge Level				χ ²Value	P Value
			Inadequate		Moderate
			N	%	N	%
Religion	Hindu	60	27	45.0	33	55.0	0.00 NS	P>0.05 (3.841)
Religion	Christian	0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0.00 NS	P>0.05 (3.841)
Family type	Nuclear	37	11	29.7	26	70.3	9.09*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Family type	Joint	23	16	69.6	7	30.4	9.09*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Area of Residence	Rural	53	27	50.9	26	49.1	6.48*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Area of Residence	Urban	7	0	0.0	7	100.0	6.48*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Family Income/month	Rs.10,000-20,000	33	24	72.7	9	27.3	22.78*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Family Income/month	Rs.20,001-30,000	27	3	11.1	24	88.9	22.78*	P<0.05 (3.841)
Combined		60	27	45.0	33	55.0

* Significant at 5% Level; NS : Non-significant

Table – 10: Association between Demographic variables and Pre test Knowledge level on Birth preparedness and Complication readiness n=60

Demographic Variables	Category	Sample	Knowledge Level				χ ²Value	P Value
			Inadequate		Moderate
			N	%	N	%
Gestational age of pregnancy (months)	0-3	13	6	46.2	7	53.8	7.42*	P<0.05 (5.991)
	4-6	21	14	66.7	7	33.3
	7-9	26	7	26.9	19	73.1
First ANC Registration	First Trimester	47	23	48.9	24	51.1	3.02 NS	P>0.05 (5.991)
	Second Trimester	6	3	50.0	3	50.0
	Third Trimester	7	1	14.3	6	85.7
No. of Antenatal visits during Pregnancy	One	13	6	46.2	7	53.8	7.42*	P<0.05 (5.991)
	Two	21	14	66.7	7	33.3
	Three and above	26	7	26.9	19	73.1
Previous knowledge	Yes	40	17	42.5	23	57.5	0.30 NS	P>0.05 (3.841)
Previous knowledge	No	20	10	50.0	10	50.0	0.30 NS	P>0.05 (3.841)
Source of Information	Health workers	40	17	42.5	23	57.5	0.30 NS	P>0.05 (3.841)
Source of Information	No	20	10	50.0	10	50.0	0.30 NS	P>0.05 (3.841)
Combined		60	27	45.0	33	55.0

* Significant at 5% Level, NS : Non-significant