ABSTRACT:
A common endocrine condition affecting individuals of reproductive age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined by a range of clinical, hormonal, and metabolic features. With regard to PCOS, this review article seeks to give a thorough summary of the disease's aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and available treatments. The prevalence of PCOS among women who are fertile is estimated to be between 5% and 20% worldwide. It is widely recognized that this disease is complicated, involving both environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Often present clinical signs include irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasonography. Although there are a number of diagnostic criteria sets available, including the Rotterdam criteria and the National Institutes of Health standards, a precise diagnosis is still necessary. Among the metabolic problems that are more prone to occur in PCOS patients are insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and infertility are among the long-term health consequences. Therapeutic approaches, which include both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapy and are tailored to the patient's presentation and goals, primarily aim to improve hormonal imbalances, metabolic abnormalities, and reproductive outcomes. In order to improve healthcare professionals' comprehension of PCOS, this review compiles the most recent scientific findings and clinical insights.