Author(s): Ajay I. Patel, Anju Yadav, Ashok B Patel, Amitkumar J. Vyas

Email(s): poojakhunti766@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2023.00017   

Address: Ajay I. Patel, Anju Yadav*, Ashok B Patel, Amitkumar J. Vyas
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, B. K. Mody Government Pharmacy Collage, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 13,      Issue - 1,     Year - 2023


ABSTRACT:
Post-covid-19 women complications, Post covid-19 is Clinical symptoms that persist or worsen after acute COVID It is contains both ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 between 4 to 12 weeks or post COVID-19 more than 12 weeks. As of June 2020, given the terminology "post COVID-19". Reported studies are related to complications of the female patient, including effects on the immune system, physiology, or psychological health, and effects on pre-existing diseases, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis (TB). However, six months after recovery from COVID-19, complications arise, including cough, fever, breathlessness, muscle aches, joint pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal complaints, anosmia, dyspepsia, sleep difficulties, anxiety or depression, higher stress levels, physical decline, post-activity polypnea, alopecia, chest tightness, palpitations, intestinal blockages, impaired respiratory functions, neurological issues, olfactory dysfunction, cognition, dexterity, conversation, disabilities of sight, or listening. Along with other miscellaneous complications such as Miller-Fisher syndrome. Overall, these reviews summarise studies conducted on pre-existing diseases in female patients after COVID-19, complications in female patients with immune dysfunction, including hormonal imbalances, and CSF-insufficiency in female patients with neurodegeneration complications. It observed high levels of molecular markers such as tau protein (t-tau, p-tau), plasma amyloid-beta (A42), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light chain protein. In Female patients with diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2) complications reported higher levels of sCr, C-reactive protein, TN-I, white blood cell, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels, enzymes, electrolytes, and coagulation factors, and female patients with tuberculosis (TB) complications had lower aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) and E2 hormone levels.


Cite this article:
Ajay I. Patel, Anju Yadav, Ashok B Patel, Amitkumar J. Vyas. Post Covid-19 Women Complications. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2023; 13(1):73-0. doi: 10.52711/2349-2996.2023.00017

Cite(Electronic):
Ajay I. Patel, Anju Yadav, Ashok B Patel, Amitkumar J. Vyas. Post Covid-19 Women Complications. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2023; 13(1):73-0. doi: 10.52711/2349-2996.2023.00017   Available on: https://ajner.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2023-13-1-17


REFERENCES:
1.    Fauci, A.S., H.C. Lane, and R.R. Redfield, Covid-19—navigating the uncharted. 2020, Mass Medical Soc. p. 1268-1269.
2.    Vishakantamurthy, D. and R. Jayashree, A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing officers regarding covid-19 at selected covid care centre, Chamarajanagar. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2021. 11(3): p. 351-354.
3.    Sharma, A. and K. Mohanan, Obstacles faced by nurses working in Covid-19 unit: A developing country view point. Asian J. Nurs Edu Res, 2020. 10(4): p. 459-462.
4.    Patel, A.N., A Study to Assess the emotional Response and coping Strategies of care giver Worked in covid-19 department at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2021. 11(3): p. 340-344.
5.    Khan, M., et al., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases at a screening clinic during the early outbreak period: a single-centre study. Journal of medical microbiology, 2020. 69(8): p. 1114.
6.    Michael, C., Psychological impact on people Due to Pandemic of Covid-19 in selected Areas of Mumbai. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2021. 11(4): p. 541-551.
7.    Abd El-Aziz, T.M. and J.D. Stockand, Recent progress and challenges in drug development against COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-an update on the status. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2020. 83: p. 104327.
8.    Fernandes, M., J.R. Thakur, and M.S. Gavanje, A Study to assess knowledge regarding covid-19 among Nursing students. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2021. 11(1): p. 65-67.
9.    Alluwaimi, A.M., et al., The coronaviruses of animals and birds: their zoonosis, vaccines, and models for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2. Frontiers in veterinary science, 2020. 7: p. 655.
10.    Chawla, S., et al., Corona virus-SARS-CoV-2: an insight to another way of natural disaster. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology, 2020. 6(22): p. e2.
11.    Fong, S.J., N. Dey, and J. Chaki, An introduction to COVID-19, in Artificial intelligence for coronavirus outbreak. 2021, Springer. p. 1-22.
12.    Agarwal, K.M., et al., Study and overview of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19). Sensors international, 2020. 1: p. 100037.
13.    Huang, Y., et al., Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2020. 41(9): p. 1141-1149.
14.    Mittal, A., et al., COVID-19 pandemic: Insights into structure, function, and hACE2 receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. PLoS pathogens, 2020. 16(8): p. e1008762.
15.    Choudhary, M. and L. Gopichandran, Post Covid-19 Complications: A New Dimension of Awareness for Healthcare Workers. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2021. 11(4): p. 455-458.
16.    Dhandapani, M., et al., An evidence-based nursing care guide for critically ill patients with COVID-19: A scoping Review. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2022. 12(1): p. 144-157.
17.    Nair, B. and J. Mathew, Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing during Covid-19. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2021. 9(4): p. 488-490.
18.    Gajbhiye, R.K., D.N. Modi, and S.D. Mahale, Pregnancy outcomes, newborn complications and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in women with COVID-19: a systematic review of 441 cases. MedRxiv, 2020.
19.    Qeadan, F., et al., The risk of clinical complications and death among pregnant women with COVID-19 in the Cerner COVID-19 cohort: a retrospective analysis. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. 21(1): p. 1-14.
20.    Servante, J., et al., Haemostatic and thrombo-embolic complications in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and critical analysis. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. 21(1): p. 1-14.
21.    Farrell, T., et al., The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perinatal mental health of women. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2020. 48(9): p. 971-976.
22.    Gulersen, M., et al., Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a pregnant woman. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2021. 137(3): p. 418.
23.    Giri, V.B., The outbreak of pandemic covid-19 disease in Aurangabad: Risk perceptions, knowledge and information sources among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2021. 9(3): p. 294-296.
24.    Amenta, E.M., et al., Postacute COVID-19: An Overview and Approach to Classification. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2020. 7(12): p. ofaa509.
25.    Jimeno-Almazán, A., et al., Post-COVID-19 syndrome and the potential benefits of exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021. 18(10): p. 5329.
26.    Kamal, M., et al., Assessment and characterisation of post‐COVID‐19 manifestations. International journal of clinical practice, 2021. 75(3): p. e13746.
27.    Chippa, V., A. Aleem, and F. Anjum, Post acute coronavirus (COVID-19) syndrome. 2021.
28.    Organization, W.H., A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021. 2021, World Health Organization.
29.    Suvvari, T.K., et al., Post‐COVID‐19 complications: Multisystemic approach. Journal of Medical Virology, 2021.
30.    Holmes, E., et al., Incomplete systemic recovery and metabolic phenoreversion in post-acute-phase nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients: implications for assessment of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Journal of proteome research, 2021. 20(6): p. 3315-3329.
31.    Mahmud, R., et al., Post-COVID-19 syndrome among symptomatic COVID-19 patients: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary care center of Bangladesh. PLoS One, 2021. 16(4): p. e0249644.
32.    Lasrado, N., et al., Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE. Biology of sex Differences, 2020. 11(1): p. 1-14.
33.    Salem, M.L., Estrogen, a double-edged sword: modulation of TH1-and TH2-mediated inflammations by differential regulation of TH1/TH2 cytokine production. Current Drug Targets-Inflammation and Allergy, 2004. 3(1): p. 97-104.
34.    Ma, Q., Z.-W. Hao, and Y.-F. Wang, The effect of estrogen in coronavirus disease 2019. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2021. 321(1): p. L219-L227.
35.    Trippella, G., et al., COVID-19 in pregnant women and neonates: a systematic review of the literature with quality assessment of the studies. Pathogens, 2020. 9(6): p. 485.
36.    Nalbandian, A., et al., Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nature medicine, 2021. 27(4): p. 601-615.
37.    Proal, A.D. and M.B. VanElzakker, Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Frontiers in microbiology, 2021: p. 1494.
38.    Macciò, A., S. Oppi, and C. Madeddu, COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied? J Ovarian Res, 2021. 14(1): p. 28.
39.    Almeida, M., et al., The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Archives of women's mental health, 2020. 23(6): p. 741-748.
40.    Fakari, F.R. and M. Simbar, Coronavirus pandemic and worries during pregnancy; a letter to editor. Archives of academic emergency medicine, 2020. 8(1): p. e21-e21.
41.    Li, K., et al., Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reproductive biomedicine online, 2021. 42(1): p. 260-267.
42.    Wastnedge, E.A., et al., Pregnancy and COVID-19. Physiological reviews, 2021. 101(1): p. 303-318.
43.    Daru, J., K. White, and B.J. Hunt, COVID-19, thrombosis and pregnancy. Thrombosis Update, 2021. 5: p. 100077.
44.    Magon, N., et al., COVID-19 vaccine and pregnancy: A Safety weapon against pandemic. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022.
45.    Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C., et al., Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022. 11(2): p. 413.
46.    Mohan, M., et al., Psychological Problems among Young Adults Due to Covid-19. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2022. 12(1): p. 124-127.
47.    Silva, M.T.T., et al., Isolated intracranial hypertension associated with COVID-19. Cephalalgia, 2020. 40(13): p. 1452-1458.
48.    Xia, F., et al., COVID-19 patients with hypertension are at potential risk of worsened organ injury. Scientific Reports, 2021. 11(1): p. 1-10.
49.    Kulkarni, P.G., A. Sakharkar, and T. Banerjee, Understanding the role of nACE2 in neurogenic hypertension among COVID-19 patients. Hypertension Research, 2021: p. 1-16.
50.    Asiri, M., R. Alhedaithy, and Z. Alnazer, Cerebrospinal fluid leak post COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab for a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a case report. Journal of Surgical Case Reports, 2021. 2021(10): p. rjab456.
51.    Peigh, G., et al., Novel coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) associated sinus node dysfunction: a case series. Eur Heart J Case Rep, 2020. 4(Fi1): p. 1-6.
52.    Johansson, M., et al., Long-Haul Post-COVID-19 Symptoms Presenting as a Variant of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: The Swedish Experience. JACC Case Rep, 2021. 3(4): p. 573-580.
53.    Novak, P., Post COVID-19 syndrome associated with orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome, small fiber neuropathy and benefit of immunotherapy: a case report. eNeurologicalSci, 2020. 21: p. 100276.
54.    Jamil, A., A. Syeda, and V. Shyam, Post COVID-19 Complication: A Near Miss Case of Pulmonary Embolism, in TP80. TP080 YELLOW SUBMARINE-PULMONARY EMBOLI AND OTHER CASE REPORTS. 2021, American Thoracic Society. p. A3508-A3508.
55.    Raveendran, A. and A. Misra, Post COVID-19 syndrome (“Long COVID”) and diabetes: challenges in diagnosis and management. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 2021. 15(5): p. 102235.
56.    Lim, S., et al., COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2021. 17(1): p. 11-30.
57.    Akter, F., et al., Clinical characteristics and short term outcomes after recovery from COVID-19 in patients with and without diabetes in Bangladesh. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2020. 14(6): p. 2031-2038.
58.    Zhang, Y., et al., Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Hospitalized for COVID-19: Findings from a Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Diabetes Res, 2021. 2021: p. 3170190.
59.    Landstra, C.P. and E.J.P. de Koning, COVID-19 and Diabetes: Understanding the Interrelationship and Risks for a Severe Course. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021. 12: p. 649525.
60.    Ali, R.M.M. and M.B.I. Ghonimy, Post-COVID-19 pneumonia lung fibrosis: a worrisome sequelae in surviving patients. Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 2021. 52(1): p. 1-8.
61.    Raman, B., et al., Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus. Eur Heart J, 2022.
62.    Ayoubkhani, D., et al., Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study. Bmj, 2021. 372: p. n693.
63.    Misgar, R.A., et al., Central diabetes insipidus (Infundibuloneuro hypophysitis): A late complication of COVID-19 infection. J Endocrinol Invest, 2021. 44(12): p. 2855-2856.
64.    Taquet, M., et al., 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Psychiatry, 2021. 8(5): p. 416-427.
65.    Sun, B., et al., Characterization and Biomarker Analyses of Post-COVID-19 Complications and Neurological Manifestations. Cells, 2021. 10(2).
66.    Frontera, J.A., et al., Comparison of serum neurodegenerative biomarkers among hospitalized COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimers Dement, 2022.
67.    Clouden, T.A., Persistent Hallucinations in a 46-Year-Old Woman After COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report. Cureus, 2020. 12(12): p. e11993.
68.    Jarrahi, A., et al., Neurological consequences of COVID-19: what have we learned and where do we go from here? J Neuroinflammation, 2020. 17(1): p. 286.
69.    Kumar, D., et al., Neurological Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Inflammation and Possible Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19. Mol Neurobiol, 2021. 58(7): p. 3417-3434.
70.    Kordzadeh-Kermani, E., H. Khalili, and I. Karimzadeh, Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Future Microbiol, 2020. 15: p. 1287-1305.
71.    Conway, R., et al., Inflammatory arthritis in patients with COVID-19. Transl Res, 2021. 232: p. 49-59.
72.    Kocyigit, B.F. and A. Akyol, Reactive arthritis after COVID-19: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int, 2021. 41(11): p. 2031-2039.
73.    Jali, I., Reactive Arthritis After COVID-19 Infection. Cureus, 2020. 12(11): p. e11761.
74.    Colatutto, D., et al., Post-COVID-19 Arthritis and Sacroiliitis: Natural History with Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Two Cases and Review of the Literature. Viruses, 2021. 13(8).
75.    Tan, E.H., et al., COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: characteristics and outcomes in a multinational network of cohorts across three countries. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2021. 60(Si): p. Si37-si50.
76.    Shenoy, P., et al., Antibody responses after documented COVID-19 disease in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Clin Rheumatol, 2021. 40(11): p. 4665-4670.
77.    Picchianti Diamanti, A., et al., Psychological Distress in Patients with Autoimmune Arthritis during the COVID-19 Induced Lockdown in Italy. Microorganisms, 2020. 8(11).
78.    Bhatia, A., M. Kc, and L. Gupta, Increased risk of mental health disorders in patients with RA during the COVID-19 pandemic: a possible surge and solutions. Rheumatol Int, 2021. 41(5): p. 843-850.
79.    Metyas, S., et al., Rheumatologic Manifestations of Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Series. Curr Rheumatol Rev, 2022.
80.    Zhou, Q., et al., SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Psoriatic Arthritis Flares and Enthesis Resident Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Type-1 Interferon Inhibition by JAK Antagonism Offer Novel Spondyloarthritis Pathogenesis Insights. Front Immunol, 2021. 12: p. 635018.
81.    Yang, H. and S. Lu, COVID-19 and Tuberculosis. J Transl Int Med, 2020. 8(2): p. 59-65.
82.    Can Sarınoğlu, R., et al., Tuberculosis and COVID-19: An overlapping situation during pandemic. J Infect Dev Ctries, 2020. 14(7): p. 721-725.
83.    Goletti, D., et al., The potential clinical utility of measuring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific T-cell responses. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2021. 27(12): p. 1784-1789.
84.    Gopalaswamy, R. and S. Subbian, Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy: Potential Implications on Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci, 2021. 22(7).
85.    Li, K., et al., Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reprod Biomed Online, 2021. 42(1): p. 260-267.
86.    Ding, T., et al., Potential Influence of Menstrual Status and Sex Hormones on Female Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Study in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis, 2021. 72(9): p. e240-e248.
87.    Bouman, A., M.J. Heineman, and M.M. Faas, Sex hormones and the immune response in humans. Hum Reprod Update, 2005. 11(4): p. 411-23.
88.    Zhao, J., J. Zhao, and S. Perlman, T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice. J Virol, 2010. 84(18): p. 9318-25.
89.    Suba, Z., Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients. J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2020. 23(1): p. 75-85.
90.    Yong, S.J., Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis (Lond), 2021. 53(10): p. 737-754.
91.    Ong, C.W.M., et al., Epidemic and pandemic viral infections: impact on tuberculosis and the lung: A consensus by the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid), Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN), and members of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC). Eur Respir J, 2020. 56(4).
92.    Petrone, L., et al., Coinfection of tuberculosis and COVID-19 limits the ability to in vitro respond to SARS-CoV-2. Int J Infect Dis, 2021. 113 Suppl 1: p. S82-s87.
93.    Madan, M., et al., Impact of Latent Tuberculosis on Severity and Outcomes in Admitted COVID-19 Patients. Cureus, 2021. 13(11): p. e19882.
94.    Kumar, M.S., et al., Mortality due to TB-COVID-19 coinfection in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2021. 25(3): p. 250-251.
95.    Yadav, S. and G. Rawal, Primary multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with a concomitant COVID-19 infection in an Indian female- World's first case of its type in this current pandemic. J Family Med Prim Care, 2021. 10(10): p. 3922-3924.
96.    Carfì, A., R. Bernabei, and F. Landi, Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. Jama, 2020. 324(6): p. 603-605.
97.    Huang, C., et al., 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet, 2021. 397(10270): p. 220-232.
98.    Raveendran, A.V., R. Jayadevan, and S. Sashidharan, Long COVID: An overview. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2021. 15(3): p. 869-875.
99.    Salamanna, F., et al., Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021. 8: p. 653516.
100.    Lechien, J.R., et al., Prevalence and 6-month recovery of olfactory dysfunction: a multicentre study of 1363 COVID-19 patients. J Intern Med, 2021. 290(2): p. 451-461.
101.    Torjesen, I., Covid-19: Middle aged women face greater risk of debilitating long term symptoms. Bmj, 2021. 372: p. n829.
102.    Reyes‐Bueno, J.A., et al., Miller‐Fisher syndrome after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. European journal of neurology, 2020. 27(9): p. 1759-1761.
103.    Ford, D., et al., Post-covid organizing pneumonia, in TP31. TP031 INTERESTING CASES ASSOCIATED WITH SARS-COV-2 INFECTION. 2021, American Thoracic Society. p. A2003-A2003.
104.    Engert, V., et al., Severe Brain Damage in a Moderate Preterm Infant as Complication of Post-COVID-19 Response during Pregnancy. Neonatology, 2021. 118(4): p. 505-508.
105.    Meyyazhagan, A., et al., COVID-19 in pregnant women and children: Insights on clinical manifestations, complexities, and pathogenesis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2022. 156(2): p. 216-224.
106.    Solomon, J.J., et al., CT of Post-Acute Lung Complications of COVID-19. Radiology, 2021. 301(2): p. E383-e395.
107.    Spinato, G., et al., Alterations in Smell or Taste in Mildly Symptomatic Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Jama, 2020. 323(20): p. 2089-2090.
108.    Menges, D., et al., Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for healthcare service planning: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One, 2021. 16(7): p. e0254523.

Recomonded Articles:

Author(s): S. Shakila, S. Rajasankar, N. Kokilavani

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2015.00062.2         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Melisa Fernandes, Jyoti R. Thakur, Manisha S. Gavanje

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2021.00017.3         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Hazaratali Panari, Vegunarani.M

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2016.00032.X         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Vinil Upendrababu, Sweta, Ujjwal P. Lorenz, Upma Vimal, Veena Sharma, Vimla Kushwaha, Vivek Kumar

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2018.00093.9         Access: Open Access Read More

Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research (AJNER) is an international, peer-reviewed journal devoted to nursing sciences....... Read more >>>

RNI: Not Available                     
DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996 

Popular Articles


Recent Articles




Tags